Raw by Scott Monk Essay

Crude follows the tale of Brett Dalton an adolescent with a demeanor who has capitulate to peer weight and lives outside the law. Subsequent to being gotten for different minor offenses Brett winds up investing energy at a recovery place. the picture that I have made represents Brett Daltons point of view of the recovery community called the ranch. The ranch is home to numerous youthful wrongdoing committers, for example, Brett. The homesteads primary design is to change kids that are sent there. It is altogether different from most detainment places in respects that a great deal of trust is given to the detainees. Brett was mistaken for this as his picture of the ranch was totally extraordinary as he states in the book â€Å"what sort of detainment focus is this ? there weren’t any bars on the cells ? There weren’t even cells† the homestead ran a vastly different approach to which Brett thought which I have made in my picture. My picture assists with communicating how Brett sees the ranch through his eyes. Toward the beginning of the novel Brett is considered as a revolutionary and feels that the entire world is against him and reprimands others for his difficulties he has the recognition that the homestead will be loaded with watches and have bolted doors and that it will never change who he is . Brett’s cynicism towards power is communicated in his threat towards the police however all through the novel Brett comes to comprehend that not all force and authority resembles that spoke to by police that force is non-only vested in institution’s and authority figures yet there are delicate and caring people that through the book help Brett to recover command over his own fate Although the ranch doesn't effectively help Brett escape inconvenience as he winds up in prison yet he learns numerous exercises and that ‘he is the one in particular that can change what his identity is

How to Apologize and Say Im Sorry In German

Step by step instructions to Apologize and Say I'm Sorry In German You are probably going to commit either social errors or miscommunicate your aims as an understudy of the German language, particularly on the off chance that you are going through German-talking nations. Accordingly, on your extensive rundown of jargon basics to ace when examining the language, make certain to incorporate German articulations of absolution and pardoning yourself. When choosing what articulation to use after youve committed an error or misquoted something, decide in favor of pardoning yourself an excess of instead of insufficient. Simply trust you don’t need to utilize the accompanying articulations time after time yet on the off chance that you do, realize which articulation or expression is right. Pardoning Yourself At the point when you have to state pardon me, the German language gives a few different ways to make the solicitation. In the models in this and the ensuing areas, the German articulation is recorded on the left, with the English interpretation on the right, trailed by a short clarification of the social setting where required. Entschuldigung Excuse me. (for example, when you need to pass by)Entschuldigen Sie bitte/Entschuldige (easygoing) Â Excuse meEntschuldigen Sie bitte meine Fehler. Â Excuse my mistakes.Entschuldigen Sie/Entschuldige, dass... Reason me that/Sorry that...Entschuldigen Sie bitte, dass ich Sie stã ¶re. Â Excuse me for upsetting you.Entschuldige bitte, dass ich es vergessen habe. Â Sorry for overlooking. Saying Sorry for a Mishap There are two different ways to state that you are upset for a little incident or slip-up, as appeared in this model: Entschuldigung/Ich bitte Sie/dich um Entschuldigungâ Sorry/Please pardon me. To Ask for Forgiveness There are likewise a few different ways to request absolution in German: Jemanden um Verzeihung bittenâ To approach someone for forgivenessIch bitte Sie/dich um Verzeihung.â I approach you for forgiveness.KÃ ¶nnen/Kannst Sie/du mir diese Dummheiten verzeihen? Would you be able to pardon my foolishness?Das habe ich nicht so gemeint.â I didn’t mean it that way.Das war doch nicht so gemeint.â It wasn’t implied in that way.Das war nicht mein Ernst I wasn’t genuine. Note how the last three models do exclude the word pardon or reason. Rather, you are basically requesting absolution by saying something demonstrating that you were not genuine or that the proposed significance of your activity or articulation was misconstrued. To Regret Something German offers some bright approaches to state that you lament making a specific move or offering a specific expression. Etwas bedauernâ lament somethingIch bedauere sehr, dass ich sie nicht eingeladen habe I lament not having welcomed her.Es tut mir Leid I am sorry.Es tut mir Leid, dass ich ihr nichts geschenkt habe I lament not having given her a present.Leider habe ich keine Zeit dafã ¼r. Lamentably, I don't possess any energy for that.Es ist schade, dass er nicht hier ist. It’s really awful that he isn't here.Schade! Really awful! (or then again Pity!) Note how in the last model, utilizing an expression like Too terrible! in English would be viewed as a social violation of social norms as though you were stating Tough karma! in an insulting way. However, the expression in German does, in fact, show that you are being remorseful and requesting absolution for your offense, whatever it might be.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion In the fall of 2013, Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)â€" known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th centuryâ€"inaugurated a new fashion business school in London and soon after opened a satellite campus in New York City. Rather than focusing on the design aspect of fashion, however, the GCU British School of Fashion instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explained in a Bloomberg Businessweek article at the time the new campuses were being revealed: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization, and strategic management. The school also professes a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability, and fair trade as part of its core values. The MBA curriculum consists of five core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer, House of Fraser, AllSaints, and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty also features a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion In the fall of 2013, Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)â€"known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th centuryâ€"inaugurated a new fashion business school in London and soon after opened a satellite campus in New York City. Rather than focusing on the design aspect of fashion, however, the  GCU  British School of Fashion  instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explained in a  FashionUnited article at the time the new campuses were being revealed: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization, and strategic management. The school also professes a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability, and fair trade as part of its core values. The MBA curriculum consists of eight core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer,  House of Fraser, AllSaints, and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty also features a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), featured by Bloomberg Businessweek this week, has recently inaugurated its new fashion business school in London and plans to open a satellite campus in New York City at the end of September. GCU has been known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th  century. Rather than focusing on design, however, the new GCU British School of Fashion instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explains: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization and strategic management. The school has also avowed a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability and fair trade as part of its core values. Details have yet to be announced, but the MBA curriculum reportedly consists of five core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer, House of Fraser, AllSaints and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty will also feature a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

All the Things You Missed in Ready Player One Book Review

Ready Player One Critic Reviews Ernest Cline who wrote Ready Player One in 2011 could have scarcely predicted that his vision (or preview) of the dystopian future would turn stale and sour less than a decade after the book’s publication. The proliferation of VR sets has rendered the once groundbreaking Literary Role Playing Game (LitRPG) genre farcical if not downright anachronistic. This pesky fact notwithstanding, the book works. It is surprisingly popular with readers not because the writer painted a realistic future they can expect in the coming decades, but rather because he showed them the past they are yearning for. He struck a chord with a nostalgic audience whose coming of age occurred during the scintillating synth-pop era. The book is bursting with clever nods to the geek-fodder of the 1980s. The author takes cherished pop icons of the era and bangs them against one another in a manner not uncharacteristic of a 4-year-old kid playing with plastic action figures. As the pandemonium of pop-cultural icons breaks out, one can hardly notice how dystopian the depicted future really is. For more discernible readers, it is thoroughly clear from the outset that the disheveled world is completely devoid of Christian, family, or any other values except corporatism. It is also understandable that the world is broken beyond repair and a teenager with no living parent – Wade – cannot mend it. In this book review, I will argue that the novel perfectly exemplifies unrestrained and self-indulgent pandering to the readers’ desire to be rewarded for mediocrity. GET READY PLAYER 1 BOOK REVIEW Ready Player One Book Characters Parzival or Wade Watts, who is the main character of the book, functions as a bridge through which other characters both alive and deceased gallop, waltz, leap, scurry, and march toward the readers. The teenager introduces the audience to scrappy heroes with zany avatar names. There is Art3mis – a flirtatious denizen of the virtual world whose preoccupation with Easter eggs is only matched by her inexplicable pull toward Wade. Having done a great job developing the character, Cline bungles all the progress by failing to distinguish Artemis from her virtual milieu: by the end of the book, she is turned into a reward for Watt who finds her in the middle of a labyrinth. Even more obnoxious than the labyrinth scene is i-r0k (alternatively spelled as i-rok or irok) who helps the head of Innovative Online Industries (IOI) Nolan Sorrento and the Sixers to find the first key. The sparkling world created by James Halliday and Ogden Morrow is home to Chucky, Gundam, Iron Giant, Mechagod zilla, and Voltron among others. The list of pop-culture icons, goodies, and qutes if too long to place it here without transforming the essay into a listicle. Ready Player One Discussion Questions The unbridled use of alliteration and allusion turns the book into an Easter egg hunt for literary-minded readers. It is as if Cline challenges his audience to pay attention to a witty turn of phrase. Those belonging to a book club can make a scoreboard and entertain themselves with the literary device hunt. Alternatively, they can pose and try to answer several book club questions: â€Å"What does OASIS stand for in Ready Player One?†, â€Å"What is the motivation of people claiming that everything wrong with race scene, in general, and DeLorean car, in particular?†, â€Å"Does anybody think they will make the OASIS from Ready Player One?†, â€Å"Who made the OASIS and why?†, â€Å"Has VR been created to enslave people?†, â€Å"How did Ready Player One get the rights to popular characters?†, â€Å"Is there a sequel?†, â€Å"Can the final battle be interpreted as a beta version of Apocalypse?†, â€Å"Is Ready Player One good re presentation of the 1980s pop-culture?†, and â€Å"Has the ending explained the way out for the humanity?† PURCHASE THE BOOK READY PLAYER ONE REVIEW Why Is Ready Player One So Different from the Book? Even though the screen adaptation of the futuristic novel strikingly differs from the Cline’s original story, the philosophical spirit that informed the book is very much in evidence. Ready Player One philosophy of the full-scale humanitarian crisis in VR and IRL (in real world) is there. Thus, it can hardly be argued that book better than movie. At the same time, the question begs the answer: â€Å"How close are we to Ready Player One technology?† At this point, it is an article of faith for many people that rampant technological escapism is inevitable. Given that the book’s quotes about reality (e.g. â€Å"Going outside is highly overrated†) are eerily reminiscent of sentiments held by our society, we should be more than cautious about creating a real life OASIS. Do you think the Ready Player One technology will come to life in the future? All References in Ready Player One Book and Cameos Galore Reay Player One Easter eggs, 80s references, and themes are head-spinning. The list of anime allusions (e.g., Evangelion) and games paraphernalia (e.g., Overwatch) is too long to even mention here, but it certainly makes for a wild ride. That being said, one should not necessarily understand every pop culture reference in order to enjoy the book. The menagerie of quirky characters is infinitely amusing in its own right. Ready Player One Analysis: The Book Is Bad? The controversy that erupted over the book has completely engulfed the literary blogosphere. Harsh criticism has not spared either the author, who was accused of racism, or the protagonist, who has been proclaimed a bad guy. The novel itself has been repeatedly called sexist and overrated. The worst quotes about the book include such masterpieces of biting writing as â€Å"a dull, pandering tableau of reference points as an end unto themselves† and â€Å"a one-note celebration of pop-culture nostalgia.† So why has the book garnered so much scorn from the readers whose differences of opinion†¦ ORDER READY PLAYER ONE BOOK REVIEW

Sydney Carton in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities...

Sydney Carton is the most memorable character in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, a story of redemption, resurrection, self-sacrifice change and love, all of these words have to do with the extreme transformation of. Sydney Carton had such great love for Lucie Mannette that evolves from a depressed loaner that can only attempt to substitute happiness with alcoholic indulgence to a loyal caring friend who makes the ultimate sacrifice for the ones he loves. In the beginning, Sydney Carton’s the character that everyone looks down upon. He is depression, hate and self-loathing personified. His total carelessness overshadows anything else about him, especially when his first impression is given. Sydney is introduced when Charles†¦show more content†¦The definite physical resemblance aids in the freedom of Darnay, since that helps them prove that If Carton was thought to be seen committing a crime he could’ve easily been mistaken for someone else. Sydne y’s carelessness and anxiety is as close to apparent as possible after the trial. After leaving the court; Carton and Darnay go to a tavern where Darnay comments on Carton’s obvious drunkenness, saying that he thinks Darnay is under the influence. Sydney then says â€Å"Think? You know I have been drinking.†(82)This quote shows that Sydney knows that he is not sober. It gets obvious that he is not concerned about his sobriety. Sydney then responds, â€Å"†¦I am a disappointed drudge sir. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me† (82). What Sydney says here is sad but true, the pains in his life have annihilated his concerns for anything in the world. He is living to get life over with. Twelve months later Dr. Manette asked for Lucie’s hand in marriage. If Lucie accepts, Darnay will give his true identity to the Manettes. Sydney is also falling in love with Lucie but he knows that she is much to good for him and she will never be his. Lucies’s beauty is so magnificent to Carton that by knowing here, she has made his life worth living. Her presence gives Sydney a reason to get up in the morning. Sydney would do any thing for her †¦O Miss Manette, when the littleShow MoreRelated Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection in A Tale of Two Cities       In A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, many characters are given second chances as their lives are resurrected. The central heroine woman, Lucy Manette, is responsible for the resurrections of Sydney Carton and Dr. Alexander Manettes lives. She gives them inspiration and love to help them recover from their seemingly hopeless states. In turn, Carton gives up his own life in order to save a friend. The lives of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, andRead MoreSydney Carton, A Complex Character1216 Words   |  5 PagesSydney Carton, a Complex Character Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities, reveals a person that is so complex that students of British Literature still have not fully understood Sydney Carton’s character. Dickens introduces him to the reader as an arrogant, frustrated, no account barrister who lives through the lives of others. Yet throughout the novel one can see that he is a brilliant barrister who does not realize his worth, a man changed through love and devotion, and a self-sacrificingRead More Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection in A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚   Resurrection is a powerful theme found throughout the plot of A Tale of Two Cities.   Many of the characters in the novel are involved with the intertwining themes of love, redemption, and good versus evil.   The theme of resurrection involves certain aspects of all of these themes and brings the story together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Manette is the first person to experience resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities.   He is taken awayRead MoreChristianity in a Tale of Two Cities Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Value Reinforcement in A Tale of Two Cities In this essay, I will argue that one of the underlying motives in Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is the reinforcement of Christian values in 18th century Victorian England. Dickens was very concerned with the accepted social norms of industrialized England, many of which he felt were very inhumane. Christian values were challenged, largely due to the recent publication of Darwins Origins of a Species, and philosophyRead MoreThe Metamorphosis of Sydney Carton1458 Words   |  6 PagesSydney Carton, â€Å"one of Dickens’s most loved and best-remembered characters† (Stout 29), is not just another two-dimensional character; he seems to fly off the pages and into real life throughout all the trials and tribulations he experiences. He touches many hearts, and he even saves the life of Charles Darnay, a man who looks surprisingly similar to him. In Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Sydney Carton is a selfish man of habit, a cynic, a self-loathing drunk, and an incorrigible barrister untilRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagescritical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occupies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickens’ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickens’ characters. Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told in three partsRead MoreThe Role of Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagestheir lives during the Reign of Terror? In Charles Dickens’s book, A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses the injustice in the French Revolution and the corruption in societies of that time to show the theme of resurrection along with many other themes. In the novel, the heroes and heroine use sacrifices to resurrect someone important in their lives. However, through the process of resurrecting another, some characters are also resurrected themselves. 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Main characters Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton, and the Defarges are chronicled before the French Revolution and when the revolution begins throughout France. The author Charles Dickens explores the economic disparity between rich and poor within in the two cities and topics during enlightenment such as revolution in political thinking. In addition to establishingRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pagescrafted by Charles Dickens’ imagination. Charles Dickens’ strongly enforces the hardships of this arduous era in his remarkable novel, A Tale of Two Cities, while exhibiting his keen ability to leave hints for the read ers, allowing them to predict upcoming events in his skillfully fashioned plot. Dickens utilizes vivid imagery to construct menacing settings. He presents his characters as impulsive to indicate the possibility of their future cruelty and relentlessness. He describes Sydney Carton’s love

Poverty in Pakistan - 5457 Words

Poverty in Pakistan Abstract: Poverty is Pakistan’s biggest problem which today’s Pakistan facing, it is interconnected with several elements which are having direct or indirect relationship with poverty. This paper is an effort to find out and discuss the elements related to poverty and it is a contribution from author to do something for his country and same time for the rest of world. Poverty in Pakistan does not affect people of Pakistan only but it has an effect on rest of world as well. Today Pakistani could be found everywhere in the world in search of better earning, a lot of them are illegal immigrants and some are involved in terror activities which is equally dangerous for all humanity. During research author found four†¦show more content†¦The purpose behind this effort is to clarify the understanding of problems facing by today’s Pakistan. More specifically, the objectives are to determine how poverty can manage and to analyze the poverty reduction plans and applied succ essfully for the benefits of the people of Pakistan. Investigate role of education, equal resources distribution and health improvement in sustainable economic growth in Pakistan consequently less poverty. Poverty in Pakistan: The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar terms. GDP growth, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8% range in 2004-06. Poverty is widespread in Pakistan and is particularly predominant in rural areas. Nearly two thirds of the population, and 80 per cent of the country’s poor people, live in rural parts of the country. In 2004-2005 the government of Pakistan estimated that almost 24 percent of the population of Pakistan live below the poverty line. Poverty has many dimensions in Pakistan. People have not only low incomes but they also are suffering from lack of access over basic needs. The major challenge of today is poverty reduction. Pakistan’s growth performance over the last four years is enviable in many respects. Sound macroeconomic policies and implementation of structural reforms in almost all sectors of the economy have transformed PakistanShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Its Causes in Pakistan2152 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty and its causes In Pakistan Submitted by: Muhammad Ahmad Adil Submitted to: Ms. Mehwish Submitted date: 8th February 2012 Assignment Topic: Poverty In Pakistan Management sciences Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 2012 www.awkum.edu.pk February 8, 2010 Ms. Mehwish Teacher, Economy of PakistanRead MorePoverty in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences1610 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty, a multidimensional global phenomenon, as defined by World Bank is an income level below some minimum threshold deemed necessary to achieve basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the â€Å"poverty line†. The things required to satisfy basic needs are highly time and society dependent. Therefore, poverty lines vary from country to country as each country defines and sets the poverty line limit according to its own level of development, societal norms and values. But the contents of theRead MoreCritical Situation of Poverty in Pakistan813 Words   |  3 Pagesor her income level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the poverty line†.(Guenon n.d.) Keeping in mind the situation of Pakistan in last couple of years, the initiative has been taken by the Government of Pakistan which commits for better access to critical public services for the poor. In addition to the poverty reduction strategies prepared by the Government major improvements were required in education, health and other basic necessitiesRead MoreThe Issue of Poverty As a Whole in Pakistan2030 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty and suffering is considered not out of the norm for many families in Pakistan. Many of them have had to make enormous sacrifices in order to survive in these hard times. As seen in the previous paragraph children who are to sacrifice their education to help the family during times of poverty, may never really be able to receive an education later. For most families that are in the same situation like Rafiq and his family, the basic necessities such as food and water that others take for grantedRead MoreInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Maj or Problems of Pakistan2585 Words   |  11 PagesInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Major Problems of Pakistan Zoha Siddique Forman Christian College University Since Pakistan came into being, it’s going through hard times. From newly born country to getting sixty four year old country, sometimes it has given sacrifices and sometimes remained victim of inapt political system. For the long time, it is facing number of challenges and conspiracies which has weakened its foundations and so is the structure. Therefore,Read More Impact of Foreign Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan2389 Words   |  10 Pagesin the economies of many developing and low income countries. Pakistan is a labour abundant country; hence, as neoclassical theory shows, if workers are unable to find jobs and/or wages to satisfy their needs, they will look elsewhere. Pakistan’s history provides us with a new trend of emigration nearly each decade. Remittance is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan since 1970. During the past four decade Pakistan received significant amount of remittances, however, fluctua tionRead MoreThe World Health Organization ( Ngo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who live in Pakistan, focuses on meeting the goal ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages (United nations SDG, reference). Ensuring eye care for the residents of Pakistan not only provides them with care they should be subject too always, but also provides them with an increase in wellbeing and quality of life. Through numerous different methods such as, school programs, surgeries, and community health centers LRBT is addressing the issue of blindness in Pakistan and creating betterRead MoreEradication Of Poverty And Poverty1381 Words   |  6 PagesEradication of Poverty Part I: Background Poverty is widespread throughout the world, with around 20% of the entire population living on less than $1.25 per day. Everyday struggles for survival may include not having enough food for nourishment, no access to clean water, no proper shelter, lack of clothes, or no doctors and medicines. This lack of essential supplies and inability to improve one s life may be caused by a country s lack of resources. These countries either do not or cannot provideRead MorePoverty in Afghanistan1663 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of poverty in Pakistan. Following are the list of some causes of occurring rapid increase of poverty in our country. - Increase in the rate of prices. - Load shedding reduced the production which result into unemployment. - Corruption and poverty. - Increase in road beggars due to shortage of money. - Pakistan is not a welfare state. A big question. - Lack of proper education causes increase at phenomenal rates. - Inflation rate in Pakistan. - Top ten richest people in Pakistan. Pakistan: Read MoreMore Than Half of the Population of Pakistan Is Food Insecured Despite Agricultural Growth.751 Words   |  4 PagesHYPOTHESIS 1: More than half of the population of Pakistan is food insecured despite agricultural growth. The food security of a country is the availability of food in that country, and the people’s access to it.   It is often said, â€Å"Food insecurity anywhere, threatens peace everywhere†. The term food security reflects the desire to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The World Food Summit in 1996 defined food security as, â€Å"when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient

Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from Pshs-Irc by Indirect Titration free essay sample

Titration Researchers Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Jan Michael Maturan Charlene Lou A. Nicer Arian Paul D. Norcio Submitted to the Faculty of the Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Science and Technology Research 2 March 2013 ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate concentration of water samples from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of PSHS-IRC together with the commercial drinking water Nature Spring, Absolute, and Wilkins through indirect titration. Water hardness was identified by the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in ppm. The control group consisting of the branded commercialized drinking water had a concentration less than 43 ppm of CaCO3 and was considered as soft based on table of water hardness classification. The water samples collected from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen have CaCO3 concentrations greater than 43 ppm and were classified as slightly hard. The water sample from the Boys’ dormitory had the highest concentration of 87. 420 ppm and the water sample from Gymnasium had the lowest concentration of 52. 712 ppm. Based from the results, the samples from the different sources contained significant amount of CaCO3 which may cause further problems in pipe clogging, health, laundry, and utility from these sources. APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration,† prepared by Anna Marie S. Cabatbat, Crystal Jill R. Mangsat, Jan Michael Maturan, Charlene Lou A. Nicer, and Arian Paul D. Norcio, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Technology Research 2, has been examined on March __, 2013 and passed by the Oral Examination Committee composed of: ANNELLENE H. MADRID STR 2 TEACHER SHARON L. PALOMARES STR 2 TEACHER ROMULO R. MACADANGDANG, JR STR 2 TEACHER Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Science Technology Research 2. RONNALEE N. ORTEZA, Ph. D. CISD Chief Date: LARRY L. CABATIC, Ph. D. Campus Director Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research wouldn’t have been possible without the continual guidance and help of the following people, and so the researchers would like to express their deepest appreciation to: The Philippine Science High School Sysytem for letting the researchers experiences the grant to scholarship and the privilege to experience Pisay life; Their research teachers, Mr. Romulo R. Macadangdang, Jr, for his interest and wisdom on the subject of Chemistry which is a vital component of this study; Mrs. Sharon L. Palomares, for her justified critiques, assessments, and recommendations for improvement; and Ms. Annellene H. Madrid, for her unending support as a research adviser; Ms. Mary Ann R. Lagua, Chemistry II teacher, who introduced to the researchers the method of indirect titration and the formulas needed for the computations and quantitative analysis; Mr. Gwynne Micah S. Ritua, a student from IV-Photon, for his assistance on the required formulas and continuous support on the study and the researchers; Their family, friends, and batch mates for the support given and the motivation that they imparted to the researchers for the completion of the study; And, above all, to the Lord Jesus Christ for his generosity, love and never-ending help, especially on this research. Anna, Arian, Charlene, Crystal, Jan Michael LIST OF FIGURES No| Description| Page| 1| Process Flowchart| | 2| Summary of Water Hardness| | LIST OF TABLES No| Description| Page| | Hardness scale classification| | 2| Hardness classification of different water sources| | 3| Summary of raw data| | LIST OF PLATES No| Description| Page| 1| Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC| | 2| Preparation of Na2CO3 solution| | 3| Boiling of water samples| | 4| Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration| | 5| Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water| | 6| Application of methyl orange| | 7| Indirect titration of water samples| | 8| End point of the indirect titrations| | TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval Sheet1 Acknowledgement1 Table of Contents1 List of Figures1 List of Tables1 List of Plates1 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the study1 Statement of the Problem2 Significance of the Study2 Scope and Limitations3 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature4 Definition of Terms5 Water Hardness6 Hard Water7 Permanent Hardness8 Calcium Carbonate9 Advantages of Hard Water9 Disadvantages of Hard Water 11 Procedure13 Water Hardness Scale13 Chapter III Methodology14 Process Flow Chart14 Chapter IV- Results and Discussions16 Chapter V – Conclusions and Recommendations19 References1 Appendices1 Curriculum Vitae 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The industrial business, not just in the Philippines, but also in the whole world, requires a large amount of capital to be able for maintenance and provision. However, at some times in this business, the sum of money that is needed for repairs becomes insufficient because of some factors that affect the equipment, the machineries, and the system as a whole. One of which is water hardness. Water hardness was initially defined as the measure of the capacity of the water to precipitate soap. The determination of the hardness of water is a beneficial assessment that measures the quality of water for different usage. Hard water is not bad for the health of an individual, since drinking hard water just adds a minimal amount of calcium and magnesium toward the total human dietary needs. However, the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) says that taking extremely hard water may have a large effect on our calcium and magnesium diet. Once heat is applied to hard water, CaCO3 precipitates out, causing clogs in water pipes and industrial boilers. This leads to malfunction or damage of the machine or water pipes which maybe expensive to remove or even repair. Permanent hardness is expected from the manifestation of the Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and SO4- ions. Unlike temporary hardness, this type of hardness cannot be simply removed through boiling. Usually, this type of hardness is usually determined through titration for the metal ions to be detected. This study aims to determine the water hardness of the samples acquired from different sources in Philippine Science High School- Ilocos Region Campus, as well as three other commercialized drinking water, through indirect titration. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness of different water samples from different sources in Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus. It sought to: 1. Measure the different calcium carbonate concentration of the different samples in terms of ppm 2. Classify the water samples according to their hardness Significance of the Study The data gathered in this study would be essential to people who want to determine if the water sources in PSHS-IRC are safe for drinking, washing, bathing, and other purposes. Another aim of this study is to compare the different hardness of water from the different sources in school to the hardness of some commercial water samples and see how the water hardness affects the quality of the commercial drinking water. Lastly, this study may serve as a guide and reference for future researches. Scopes and Limitations This research is limited to the determination of the level of calcium carbonate concentrations from different sources. The consequences and influences of the samples’ water hardness beyond those are not included in the system of the study. Also, with exception to the commercial water samples used, this research is only restricted to PSHS-IRC’s water supply to the different sources and buildings. Thus, the effects of the water hardness in this study are limited only to the possible effects on the infrastructures of the said school. The study was done on the month of January and February, year 2013. The study was conducted at the science laboratory of PSHS-IRC. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Definition of Terms Water Sources the different water sources includes the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of the PSHS-IRC Water Samples these are the water samples used for the indirect titration, and was collected from the five sources in the PSHS-IRC Soft Water water is classified as soft water when the calcium carbonate concentration in it is from 0 to 43 parts per million (ppm) Indirect Titration the process used to determine the hardness of the water samples by using HCl as a titrant and the water samples as analyte Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Fifty mL of HCl was used as a titrant in the indirect titration process to determine the endpoint of the titration Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Fifty mL of Na2CO3 was added to the water samples to separate th e CaCO3 from the water samples Methyl Orange three drops of methyl orange was added to the water samples to indicate that all of the CaCO3 was already titrated by the titrant, indicated by the change of color. Water Hardness Water hardness is important to fish culture and is a commonly reported aspect of water quality. It is a measure of the quantity of divalent ions (for this discussion, salts with two positive charges) such as calcium, magnesium and/or iron in water. There are many different divalent salts; however, calcium and magnesium are the most common sources of water hardness. Hardness is traditionally measured by chemical titration. The hardness of a water sample is reported in milligrams per liter (same as parts per million, ppm) as calcium carbonate (mg/l CaCO3). Calcium carbonate hardness is a general term that indicates the total quantity of divalent salts present and does not specifically identify whether calcium, magnesium and/or some other divalent salt is causing water hardness. Hardness can be a mixture of divalent salts. In theory, it is possible to have water with high hardness that contains no calcium. Calcium is the most important divalent salt in fish culture water. An acceptable range for free calcium in culture waters is 25-100 mg/l (63-250 mg/l CaCO3 hardness). Channel catfish can tolerate low calcium concentrations as long as their feed contains a minimum level of mineral calcium. However, they may grow more slowly under these conditions. If striped bass, trout, salmon or red drum culture is being considered, free calcium concentrations in the 40-100 mg/l range (100-250  Ã‚   mg/l  Ã‚   as  Ã‚   CaCO3  Ã‚   hardness)  are  more desirable. Tests specific for calcium should be performed on samples of the water source being considered for these fishes. (http://www. ca. uky. edu February 16, 2013) Hard Water Water described as â€Å"hard† is high in dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water is not a health risk, but a nuisance because of mineral buildup on fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance. Water is a good solvent and picks up impurities easily. Pure water — tasteless, colorless, and odorless — is often called the universal solvent. When water is combined with carbon dioxide to form very weak carbonic acid, an even better solvent results. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water â€Å"hard. The degree of hardness becomes greater as the calcium and magnesium content increases. (http://www. hardwater. org/ February 16, 2013) Hard water can be softened (have its minerals removed) by treating it with lime or by passing it over an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resins are complex sodium salts. Water flows over the resin surface, dissolving the sodium. The calcium, magne sium, and other cations precipitate onto the resin surface. Sodium goes into the water, but the other cations stay with the resin. Very hard water will end up tasting saltier than water that had fewer dissolved minerals. http://chemistry. about. com February 18, 2013) Permanent Hardness The hardness caused by calcium and magnesium salts other than hydrogen carbonates is not affected by heating and is therefore called permanent hardness. (http://www. rsc. org February 18, 2013) Permanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling. The lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage. This can happen in industry where hot water is used. http://glossary. periodni. com February 18, 2013) Calcium Carbonate Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important chemical compound made up of one atom of calcium bonded to one atom of carb on and three atoms of oxygen. Common names for this compound include limestone, calcite, aragonite, chalk, and marble, and while all contain the same substance, each has different processes underlying its formation. Calcium carbonate is used in cements and mortars, producing lime, in the steel industry, glass industry, and as an ornamental stone. This compound usually looks like a white powder or stone. It will fizz and release carbon dioxide upon contact with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid. After the carbon dioxide is released, the remainder is calcium oxide (CaO), commonly called quicklime. When calcium carbonate comes into contact with water saturated with carbon dioxide, it forms a soluble compound, calcium bicarbonate. Underground, this often leads to the formation of caves. The reaction is as follows: CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Calcium carbonate becomes marble when highly compressed and heated deep underneath the Earth’s surface. In caves, when dissolved by the above chemical mechanism, it creates magnificent speleothems: cave formations such as stalagmites, stalagmites, curtains, and dozens of others. (http://www. wisegeek. com February 18, 2013) Advantages of Hard Water The advantages of hard water are: most people agree that it tastes better; it is thought to reduce the number of heart illnesses; it provides useful calcium ions for the healthy growth of bones and teeth; the formation of lime scale in pipes causes the inside of the pipe to be covered with insoluble carbonates. This layer of carbonate prevents the water in the pipe from coming into contact with the metal of the pipe and so prevents pipe corrosion and prevents poisonous metal salts becoming dissolved in the water. (http://www. gcsescience. com February 18, 2013) The World Health Organization (WHO) says, there is no evidence that water hardness cause effects in humans. Some studies have shown a weak inverse relationship between water hardness and cardiovascular disease in men, up to a level of 170 mg calcium carbonate per liter of water. Other studies have shown weak correlations between cardiovascular health and water hardness. The World Health Organization has reviewed the evidence and concluded the data were inadequate to allow for a recommendation for a level of hardness. Hard water is not a health hazard. In fact, the National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences) states that hard drinking water generally contributes a small amount toward total calcium and magnesium human dietary needs. They further state that in some instances, where dissolved calcium and magnesium are very high, water could be a major contributor of calcium and magnesium to the diet. (http://ezinearticles. om February 18, 2013) Disadvantages of Hard Water The disadvantages  of hard water are: lime scale furring of kettles and pipes; fur is the insoluble carbonate formed during heating water with temporary hardness; deposits of lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage; soap is wasted because more soap is required for washing. Soap in hard water forms a scum from r eacting with the calcium or magnesium compounds in the water. Other detergents which do not contain soap do not form wasteful scum during washing. (http://www. csescience. com February 18, 2013) Procedure Fifty ml of the water sample is taken in a conical flask. To this solution 50 ml of N/50 sodium carbonate solution is added and the solution is boiled to about 15 mins. Then the solution is cooled and filtered. The precipitate on the filter paper is washed with distilled water and all the washings are collected in the conical flask. Then the solution is titrated against N/50 HCl using methyl orange as indicator. The end point is change of yellow to pale pink. (http://www. indiastudychannel. com February24, 2013) Water Hardness Scale Calcium carbonate (ppm)| Classification| 0-43| Soft| 43-150| Slightly Hard| 150-300| Moderately Hard| 300-450| Hard| 450| Very Hard| The hardness of water is referred to by three types of measurements: grains per gallon, milligrams per liter (mg/L), or parts per million (ppm). The table below is provided as a reference. (http://www. fairfaxwater. org February 24, 2013) Table 1. Hardness scale classification CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Process Flowchart Indirect Titration of Samples Collection of Water Samples from different sites Isolation of CaCO3 Data Gathering Data Analysis Indirect Titration of Samples Collection of Water Samples from different sites Isolation of CaCO3 Data Gathering Data Analysis Figure 1. Summary of procedure Collection of water samples Water samples of 50 ml each were collection at the Girls’ dormitory, Boys’ dormitory, Gymnasium, canteen, and Administration building of PSHS-IRC. The samples were placed in glass bottles and were labeled. For the control group which consists of commercialized drinking water, a 350 ml bottle each of Wilkins, Absolute, and Nature Spring were bought from retail stores of San Ildefonso Isolation of CaCO3 Each water sample was added with 50 ml of 0. 02 Normality of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and the solution was stirred and boiled for about 15 minutes to isolate CaCO3 precipitates. Afterwards, the solution was cooled and filtered. CaCO3 precipitates on the filter paper were rinsed with 50 ml distilled water. The washings of the precipitates were collected and placed in a conical flask. Indirect Titration of the Prepared Solution The prepared solution was titrated against 0. 02 Normality of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) for three trials. The indicator used was methyl orange. The end point was observed when a color change from yellow to pale pink color occurred. This indicates that all of the moles of CaCO3 has been titrated by the titrant HCl. Data Gathering The volume of titrant used in the three trials are noted and tabulated. Data Analysis The concentration of CaCO3 is computed using the following formula: Molars of HCl*Volume of HCl used = moles of HCl Moles of HCl * 1 mole of CaCO32 moles of HCl *100. 1g of HCl= grams of CaCO3/ 50 ml grams of CaCO3/ 50 ml * 20 = grams of CaCO3/ L grams of CaCO3/ L* 103 = CaCO3 concentration in ppm The CaCO3 concentrations were referred to the Permanent Hardness Scale to determine the classification of each sample. CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The used volumes of titrant in different trials were averaged and the CaCO3 concentrations were computed using the formula mentioned in the data analysis. The different water samples were then compared in the following figure: CaCO3 concentration of water samples in ppm CaCO3 concentration of water samples in ppm Sources of water samples in PSHS-IRC Sources of water samples in PSHS-IRC Figure 2: Summary of Water Hardness Figure 2: Summary of Water Hardness This figure showed the comparison on the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration of water samples in ppm. The Boys’ dormitory has the highest calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration among the water samples collected. Water in the Boys’ dormitory is not advisable for drinking; also pipes supplying water inside the Boys’ dormitory have calcium deposits formed inside them. Same with the Canteen who has the second most concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Water samples from the Administration Building, Gymnasium and Girls’ dormitory have lower concentration relative to the Boys’ dormitory and Canteen. The control group had the lowest calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration that is why they are safe to drink compared to the water samples inside Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus. Hardness Classification Table 2. Hardness classification of the different water sources | Average volume of HCl used| CaCO3 Concentration (ppm)| Water hardness Classification| Boys’ dormitory| 4. 366| 87. 42| Slightly hard| Administration Bldg| 2. 667| 53. 393| Slightly hard| Gymnasium| 2. 633| 52. 712| Slightly hard| Girls’ dormitory| 3. 067| 61. 01| Slightly hard| Canteen| 3. 800| 76. 076| Slightly hard| Absolute| 2. 133| 42. 709| Soft| Wilkins| 1. 633| 32. 699| Soft| Nature Spring| 1. 500| 30. 030| Soft| The water samples from Philippine Science High School reached classification slightly hard. The control group obtained soft as classification. The Calcium Carbonate concentrations of samples from Boys’ dormitory and Canteen were ranked the highest among the samples but still are classified as slightly hard along with samples from Girls’ dormitory, Gymnasium, and Administration Building. Their classification shows that they are not suited for any consumption purposes unlike with the control group that reached the range of the classification soft. The concentration of Calcium Carbonate concentration in the water samples from Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus were too high. With these results, it is right to justify that water sources of the campus are not advisable for drinking or any form of usage related to food. Also, the samples already known to be available for drinking purposes showed that there is a large significant difference from the other samples and their water hardness. Due to the classification of the samples from the said school, it is to be concluded that there might be some disadvantages for those who uses the said samples for a lot of purposes. Drinking water is safe to drink because of low Calcium Carbonate concentrations and water from other sources can be assumed to be contaminated or just have high concentrations of Calcium Carbonate. CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The water sample collected from the Boys’ Dormitory yielded the highest concentration of calcium carbonate in terms of ppm with 87. 42, followed by the Canteen water sample with 76. 076, the Girls’ Dorm sample with 61. 01, the Administration Building water sample with 53. 393, and the COOP water sample gave the lowest concentration with 52. 712. But all samples are in the same hardness classification, which is slightly hard. The results of the three brands of commercial water showed significant difference from the samples from the school, with Absolute, W ilkins, and Nature Spring yielding 42. 709, 32. 699, and 30. 030, respectively. All of the three samples of commercialized water are classified as soft. With these results, it is right to justify that drinking water is safe because of its low calcium carbonate concentrations. Hence, the water sources of the campus are not advisable for drinking or in any form of intake because the calcium carbonate concentrations of the samples are high compared to those of the commercialized water. Recommendations The researchers recommend that this study should be extended to the different zones of Ilocos Sur and that other local commercialized water samples should also be tested. Also, the researchers propose that a different method of measuring water hardness should be used, just like complexometric titration, and that the temporary and total hardness should also be determined. References Electronic Sources: Learning, Discovery, Service | in the College of Agriculture. WATER HARDNESS CALCIUM amp;   MAGNESIUM. Retrieved February 16, 2013, from http://www. ca. uky. edu/wkrec/Hardness. htm Paul, M. (2012). Retrieved February 16, 2013, from http://www. hardwater. org Helmenstine, A. (2012). About. com chemistry. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://chemistry. about. com/cs/howthingswork/a/aa082403a. htm Permanent Hardness Retrieved February 18, 2013, http://www. rsc. org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/calgon/3 Permanent Hardness Retrieved February 18, 2013, http://glossary. eriodni. com/glossary. php? en=permanent+hardness+in+water What is Calcium. (2003). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-calcium-carbonate. htm France, C. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of hard water. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. gcsescience. com/f6. htm Henry, P. (2008). ezinearticles. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Surprising-Health-Benefits-of-Hard-Wateramp;id=1120938 France, C. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of hard water. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. csescience. com/f6. htm Hard water. (2011). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. hardwater. org/hard_water_problems. html Xavier, L. (2010, June 03). Uc davis chemwiki. Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://chemwiki. ucdavis. edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantitative_Analysis/Titration Water Analysis Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www. indiastudychannel. com/projects/396-WATER-ANALYSIS. aspx Fairfax water: Water quality bulletin. (2011, January 05). Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www. fcwa. org/water/hardness. htm Appendices Plate 1. Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC Plate 1. Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC Plate 2. Preparation of Na2CO3 solution Plate 2. Preparation of Na2CO3 solution Plate 3. Boiling of water samples Plate 3. Boiling of water samples Plate 4. Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration Plate 4. Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration Plate 5. Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water Plate 5. Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water Plate 6. Application of methyl orange Plate 6. Application of methyl orange Plate 7. Indirect titration of water samples Plate 7. Indirect titration of water samples Plate 8. End point of the indirect titration Plate 8. End point of the indirect titration Table 3. Summary of raw data | Trial 1 (ml)| Trial 2 (ml)| Trial 3 (ml)| Average| ppm| Classification | Boys’ dormitory| 4. 9| 4. 3| 3. 9| 4. 366| 87. 42| Slightly hard| Administration building| 2. 5| 2. 5| 3. 0| 2. 667| 53. 393| Slightly hard| Gymnasium| 2. 5| 2. 3| 3. 1| 2. 633| 52. 712| Slightly hard| Girls’ dormitory| 2. 7| 3. 3| 3. 2| 3. 067| 61. 401| Slightly hard| Canteen| 3. | 4. 5| 3. 7| 3. 800| 76. 076| Slightly hard| Absolute| 2. 2| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 133| 42. 709| Soft| Wilkins| 1. 5| 1. 6| 1. 8| 1. 633| 32. 699| Soft| Nature Spring| 1. 8| 1. 3| 1. 4| 1. 500| 30. 030| Soft| Curriculum Vitae Name: Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Nickname: Anna Birthday: September 01, 1997 Address: Primary Schooling: Name of Parents: Achievements in High School: Principle in Life: Ambition: Message to the Future Researche rs: Name: Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Nickname: CJ Birthday: August 22, 1996 Address: #628 Galaban Street, Manaoag, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Mother Goose Special School Sysytem, Incorporated Name of Parents: Hilberto E. Mangsat Nena R. Mangsat Achievements in High School: Principle in Life: â€Å"The best way to live your life is to live it as a kid. † Ambition: To become happy as an engineer and to help my family Message to the Future Researchers: Galingan niyo! Name: Jan Michael Maturan Nickname: JM Birthday: January 20,1997 Address: 111 San Blas. Villasis. Pangasinan Primary Schooling:Villasis I Central School Name of Parents: Raquel Maturan Rolan Ridoloso Achievements in High School: Passed UPCAT and ACET Principle in Life: â€Å"If you need nothing you may not work for anything† Ambition: Become an Astronaut Message to the Future Researchers: Even you encounter troubles in your research, even though you think the time is not enough, Please do not give up on what you do unless you want to fail. Anything can be accomplished by first believing it was possible but still be flexible because you cannot always get what you want. Name: Charlene Lou A. Nicer Nickname: Char Birthday: June 04, 1996 Address: 2415 Sunrise Subdivision Arellano Bani, Dagupan City, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Dominican School Dagupan City Name of Parents: Lourdes A. Nicer Raul P. Nicer Achievements in High School: Director’s lister First year (2nd and 3th quarter); Best in Arts S. Y. 2010-2011; Passed UPCAT, ACET, DLSUCAT, USTET Principle in Life: â€Å"a life without risks is not a life at all† Ambition: To win a Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, and Peace; to become a well-known scientist specifically a medical physicist Message to the Future Researchers: The true essence of research can never be found in one’s grades. Research covers an area of infinity, where in everything can be examined and studied. Enjoy your research as much as I did! Name: Arian Paul D. Norcio Nickname: Arian Birthday: July 26, 1996 Address: Nalsian, Manaoag, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Nalsian Elementary School Name of Parents: Florida Norcio Samuel Norcio Achievements in High School: Director’s lister First year (3rd and 4th quarter); Best in English S. Y. 2009-2010; Passed UPCAT Principle in Life: â€Å"No pain, no gain; no pay, no play† Ambition: To be successful geologist . . . Message to the Future Researchers: It is not easy to do a research when you don’t like it. So, learn to enjoy