Raw by Scott Monk Essay

Crude follows the tale of Brett Dalton an adolescent with a demeanor who has capitulate to peer weight and lives outside the law. Subsequent to being gotten for different minor offenses Brett winds up investing energy at a recovery place. the picture that I have made represents Brett Daltons point of view of the recovery community called the ranch. The ranch is home to numerous youthful wrongdoing committers, for example, Brett. The homesteads primary design is to change kids that are sent there. It is altogether different from most detainment places in respects that a great deal of trust is given to the detainees. Brett was mistaken for this as his picture of the ranch was totally extraordinary as he states in the book â€Å"what sort of detainment focus is this ? there weren’t any bars on the cells ? There weren’t even cells† the homestead ran a vastly different approach to which Brett thought which I have made in my picture. My picture assists with communicating how Brett sees the ranch through his eyes. Toward the beginning of the novel Brett is considered as a revolutionary and feels that the entire world is against him and reprimands others for his difficulties he has the recognition that the homestead will be loaded with watches and have bolted doors and that it will never change who he is . Brett’s cynicism towards power is communicated in his threat towards the police however all through the novel Brett comes to comprehend that not all force and authority resembles that spoke to by police that force is non-only vested in institution’s and authority figures yet there are delicate and caring people that through the book help Brett to recover command over his own fate Although the ranch doesn't effectively help Brett escape inconvenience as he winds up in prison yet he learns numerous exercises and that ‘he is the one in particular that can change what his identity is

How to Apologize and Say Im Sorry In German

Step by step instructions to Apologize and Say I'm Sorry In German You are probably going to commit either social errors or miscommunicate your aims as an understudy of the German language, particularly on the off chance that you are going through German-talking nations. Accordingly, on your extensive rundown of jargon basics to ace when examining the language, make certain to incorporate German articulations of absolution and pardoning yourself. When choosing what articulation to use after youve committed an error or misquoted something, decide in favor of pardoning yourself an excess of instead of insufficient. Simply trust you don’t need to utilize the accompanying articulations time after time yet on the off chance that you do, realize which articulation or expression is right. Pardoning Yourself At the point when you have to state pardon me, the German language gives a few different ways to make the solicitation. In the models in this and the ensuing areas, the German articulation is recorded on the left, with the English interpretation on the right, trailed by a short clarification of the social setting where required. Entschuldigung Excuse me. (for example, when you need to pass by)Entschuldigen Sie bitte/Entschuldige (easygoing) Â Excuse meEntschuldigen Sie bitte meine Fehler. Â Excuse my mistakes.Entschuldigen Sie/Entschuldige, dass... Reason me that/Sorry that...Entschuldigen Sie bitte, dass ich Sie stã ¶re. Â Excuse me for upsetting you.Entschuldige bitte, dass ich es vergessen habe. Â Sorry for overlooking. Saying Sorry for a Mishap There are two different ways to state that you are upset for a little incident or slip-up, as appeared in this model: Entschuldigung/Ich bitte Sie/dich um Entschuldigungâ Sorry/Please pardon me. To Ask for Forgiveness There are likewise a few different ways to request absolution in German: Jemanden um Verzeihung bittenâ To approach someone for forgivenessIch bitte Sie/dich um Verzeihung.â I approach you for forgiveness.KÃ ¶nnen/Kannst Sie/du mir diese Dummheiten verzeihen? Would you be able to pardon my foolishness?Das habe ich nicht so gemeint.â I didn’t mean it that way.Das war doch nicht so gemeint.â It wasn’t implied in that way.Das war nicht mein Ernst I wasn’t genuine. Note how the last three models do exclude the word pardon or reason. Rather, you are basically requesting absolution by saying something demonstrating that you were not genuine or that the proposed significance of your activity or articulation was misconstrued. To Regret Something German offers some bright approaches to state that you lament making a specific move or offering a specific expression. Etwas bedauernâ lament somethingIch bedauere sehr, dass ich sie nicht eingeladen habe I lament not having welcomed her.Es tut mir Leid I am sorry.Es tut mir Leid, dass ich ihr nichts geschenkt habe I lament not having given her a present.Leider habe ich keine Zeit dafã ¼r. Lamentably, I don't possess any energy for that.Es ist schade, dass er nicht hier ist. It’s really awful that he isn't here.Schade! Really awful! (or then again Pity!) Note how in the last model, utilizing an expression like Too terrible! in English would be viewed as a social violation of social norms as though you were stating Tough karma! in an insulting way. However, the expression in German does, in fact, show that you are being remorseful and requesting absolution for your offense, whatever it might be.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion In the fall of 2013, Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)â€" known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th centuryâ€"inaugurated a new fashion business school in London and soon after opened a satellite campus in New York City. Rather than focusing on the design aspect of fashion, however, the GCU British School of Fashion instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explained in a Bloomberg Businessweek article at the time the new campuses were being revealed: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization, and strategic management. The school also professes a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability, and fair trade as part of its core values. The MBA curriculum consists of five core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer, House of Fraser, AllSaints, and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty also features a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion In the fall of 2013, Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)â€"known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th centuryâ€"inaugurated a new fashion business school in London and soon after opened a satellite campus in New York City. Rather than focusing on the design aspect of fashion, however, the  GCU  British School of Fashion  instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explained in a  FashionUnited article at the time the new campuses were being revealed: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization, and strategic management. The school also professes a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability, and fair trade as part of its core values. The MBA curriculum consists of eight core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer,  House of Fraser, AllSaints, and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty also features a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Luxury Brand Marketing at the GCU British School of Fashion Scotland’s Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), featured by Bloomberg Businessweek this week, has recently inaugurated its new fashion business school in London and plans to open a satellite campus in New York City at the end of September. GCU has been known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th  century. Rather than focusing on design, however, the new GCU British School of Fashion instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the school’s director, Christopher Moore, explains: “The remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.” The British School of Fashion’s MBA in Luxury Brand Marketing program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization and strategic management. The school has also avowed a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability and fair trade as part of its core values. Details have yet to be announced, but the MBA curriculum reportedly consists of five core modules. With support from a number of British fashion brands, including Marks Spencer, House of Fraser, AllSaints and the Arcadia Group, the school’s faculty will also feature a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, “Over the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.” Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

All the Things You Missed in Ready Player One Book Review

Ready Player One Critic Reviews Ernest Cline who wrote Ready Player One in 2011 could have scarcely predicted that his vision (or preview) of the dystopian future would turn stale and sour less than a decade after the book’s publication. The proliferation of VR sets has rendered the once groundbreaking Literary Role Playing Game (LitRPG) genre farcical if not downright anachronistic. This pesky fact notwithstanding, the book works. It is surprisingly popular with readers not because the writer painted a realistic future they can expect in the coming decades, but rather because he showed them the past they are yearning for. He struck a chord with a nostalgic audience whose coming of age occurred during the scintillating synth-pop era. The book is bursting with clever nods to the geek-fodder of the 1980s. The author takes cherished pop icons of the era and bangs them against one another in a manner not uncharacteristic of a 4-year-old kid playing with plastic action figures. As the pandemonium of pop-cultural icons breaks out, one can hardly notice how dystopian the depicted future really is. For more discernible readers, it is thoroughly clear from the outset that the disheveled world is completely devoid of Christian, family, or any other values except corporatism. It is also understandable that the world is broken beyond repair and a teenager with no living parent – Wade – cannot mend it. In this book review, I will argue that the novel perfectly exemplifies unrestrained and self-indulgent pandering to the readers’ desire to be rewarded for mediocrity. GET READY PLAYER 1 BOOK REVIEW Ready Player One Book Characters Parzival or Wade Watts, who is the main character of the book, functions as a bridge through which other characters both alive and deceased gallop, waltz, leap, scurry, and march toward the readers. The teenager introduces the audience to scrappy heroes with zany avatar names. There is Art3mis – a flirtatious denizen of the virtual world whose preoccupation with Easter eggs is only matched by her inexplicable pull toward Wade. Having done a great job developing the character, Cline bungles all the progress by failing to distinguish Artemis from her virtual milieu: by the end of the book, she is turned into a reward for Watt who finds her in the middle of a labyrinth. Even more obnoxious than the labyrinth scene is i-r0k (alternatively spelled as i-rok or irok) who helps the head of Innovative Online Industries (IOI) Nolan Sorrento and the Sixers to find the first key. The sparkling world created by James Halliday and Ogden Morrow is home to Chucky, Gundam, Iron Giant, Mechagod zilla, and Voltron among others. The list of pop-culture icons, goodies, and qutes if too long to place it here without transforming the essay into a listicle. Ready Player One Discussion Questions The unbridled use of alliteration and allusion turns the book into an Easter egg hunt for literary-minded readers. It is as if Cline challenges his audience to pay attention to a witty turn of phrase. Those belonging to a book club can make a scoreboard and entertain themselves with the literary device hunt. Alternatively, they can pose and try to answer several book club questions: â€Å"What does OASIS stand for in Ready Player One?†, â€Å"What is the motivation of people claiming that everything wrong with race scene, in general, and DeLorean car, in particular?†, â€Å"Does anybody think they will make the OASIS from Ready Player One?†, â€Å"Who made the OASIS and why?†, â€Å"Has VR been created to enslave people?†, â€Å"How did Ready Player One get the rights to popular characters?†, â€Å"Is there a sequel?†, â€Å"Can the final battle be interpreted as a beta version of Apocalypse?†, â€Å"Is Ready Player One good re presentation of the 1980s pop-culture?†, and â€Å"Has the ending explained the way out for the humanity?† PURCHASE THE BOOK READY PLAYER ONE REVIEW Why Is Ready Player One So Different from the Book? Even though the screen adaptation of the futuristic novel strikingly differs from the Cline’s original story, the philosophical spirit that informed the book is very much in evidence. Ready Player One philosophy of the full-scale humanitarian crisis in VR and IRL (in real world) is there. Thus, it can hardly be argued that book better than movie. At the same time, the question begs the answer: â€Å"How close are we to Ready Player One technology?† At this point, it is an article of faith for many people that rampant technological escapism is inevitable. Given that the book’s quotes about reality (e.g. â€Å"Going outside is highly overrated†) are eerily reminiscent of sentiments held by our society, we should be more than cautious about creating a real life OASIS. Do you think the Ready Player One technology will come to life in the future? All References in Ready Player One Book and Cameos Galore Reay Player One Easter eggs, 80s references, and themes are head-spinning. The list of anime allusions (e.g., Evangelion) and games paraphernalia (e.g., Overwatch) is too long to even mention here, but it certainly makes for a wild ride. That being said, one should not necessarily understand every pop culture reference in order to enjoy the book. The menagerie of quirky characters is infinitely amusing in its own right. Ready Player One Analysis: The Book Is Bad? The controversy that erupted over the book has completely engulfed the literary blogosphere. Harsh criticism has not spared either the author, who was accused of racism, or the protagonist, who has been proclaimed a bad guy. The novel itself has been repeatedly called sexist and overrated. The worst quotes about the book include such masterpieces of biting writing as â€Å"a dull, pandering tableau of reference points as an end unto themselves† and â€Å"a one-note celebration of pop-culture nostalgia.† So why has the book garnered so much scorn from the readers whose differences of opinion†¦ ORDER READY PLAYER ONE BOOK REVIEW

Sydney Carton in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities...

Sydney Carton is the most memorable character in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, a story of redemption, resurrection, self-sacrifice change and love, all of these words have to do with the extreme transformation of. Sydney Carton had such great love for Lucie Mannette that evolves from a depressed loaner that can only attempt to substitute happiness with alcoholic indulgence to a loyal caring friend who makes the ultimate sacrifice for the ones he loves. In the beginning, Sydney Carton’s the character that everyone looks down upon. He is depression, hate and self-loathing personified. His total carelessness overshadows anything else about him, especially when his first impression is given. Sydney is introduced when Charles†¦show more content†¦The definite physical resemblance aids in the freedom of Darnay, since that helps them prove that If Carton was thought to be seen committing a crime he could’ve easily been mistaken for someone else. Sydne y’s carelessness and anxiety is as close to apparent as possible after the trial. After leaving the court; Carton and Darnay go to a tavern where Darnay comments on Carton’s obvious drunkenness, saying that he thinks Darnay is under the influence. Sydney then says â€Å"Think? You know I have been drinking.†(82)This quote shows that Sydney knows that he is not sober. It gets obvious that he is not concerned about his sobriety. Sydney then responds, â€Å"†¦I am a disappointed drudge sir. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me† (82). What Sydney says here is sad but true, the pains in his life have annihilated his concerns for anything in the world. He is living to get life over with. Twelve months later Dr. Manette asked for Lucie’s hand in marriage. If Lucie accepts, Darnay will give his true identity to the Manettes. Sydney is also falling in love with Lucie but he knows that she is much to good for him and she will never be his. Lucies’s beauty is so magnificent to Carton that by knowing here, she has made his life worth living. Her presence gives Sydney a reason to get up in the morning. Sydney would do any thing for her †¦O Miss Manette, when the littleShow MoreRelated Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection in A Tale of Two Cities       In A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, many characters are given second chances as their lives are resurrected. The central heroine woman, Lucy Manette, is responsible for the resurrections of Sydney Carton and Dr. Alexander Manettes lives. She gives them inspiration and love to help them recover from their seemingly hopeless states. In turn, Carton gives up his own life in order to save a friend. The lives of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, andRead MoreSydney Carton, A Complex Character1216 Words   |  5 PagesSydney Carton, a Complex Character Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities, reveals a person that is so complex that students of British Literature still have not fully understood Sydney Carton’s character. Dickens introduces him to the reader as an arrogant, frustrated, no account barrister who lives through the lives of others. Yet throughout the novel one can see that he is a brilliant barrister who does not realize his worth, a man changed through love and devotion, and a self-sacrificingRead More Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection in A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚   Resurrection is a powerful theme found throughout the plot of A Tale of Two Cities.   Many of the characters in the novel are involved with the intertwining themes of love, redemption, and good versus evil.   The theme of resurrection involves certain aspects of all of these themes and brings the story together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Manette is the first person to experience resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities.   He is taken awayRead MoreChristianity in a Tale of Two Cities Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Value Reinforcement in A Tale of Two Cities In this essay, I will argue that one of the underlying motives in Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is the reinforcement of Christian values in 18th century Victorian England. Dickens was very concerned with the accepted social norms of industrialized England, many of which he felt were very inhumane. Christian values were challenged, largely due to the recent publication of Darwins Origins of a Species, and philosophyRead MoreThe Metamorphosis of Sydney Carton1458 Words   |  6 PagesSydney Carton, â€Å"one of Dickens’s most loved and best-remembered characters† (Stout 29), is not just another two-dimensional character; he seems to fly off the pages and into real life throughout all the trials and tribulations he experiences. He touches many hearts, and he even saves the life of Charles Darnay, a man who looks surprisingly similar to him. In Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Sydney Carton is a selfish man of habit, a cynic, a self-loathing drunk, and an incorrigible barrister untilRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagescritical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occupies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickens’ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickens’ characters. Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told in three partsRead MoreThe Role of Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagestheir lives during the Reign of Terror? In Charles Dickens’s book, A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses the injustice in the French Revolution and the corruption in societies of that time to show the theme of resurrection along with many other themes. In the novel, the heroes and heroine use sacrifices to resurrect someone important in their lives. However, through the process of resurrecting another, some characters are also resurrected themselves. 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Main characters Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton, and the Defarges are chronicled before the French Revolution and when the revolution begins throughout France. The author Charles Dickens explores the economic disparity between rich and poor within in the two cities and topics during enlightenment such as revolution in political thinking. In addition to establishingRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pagescrafted by Charles Dickens’ imagination. Charles Dickens’ strongly enforces the hardships of this arduous era in his remarkable novel, A Tale of Two Cities, while exhibiting his keen ability to leave hints for the read ers, allowing them to predict upcoming events in his skillfully fashioned plot. Dickens utilizes vivid imagery to construct menacing settings. He presents his characters as impulsive to indicate the possibility of their future cruelty and relentlessness. He describes Sydney Carton’s love

Poverty in Pakistan - 5457 Words

Poverty in Pakistan Abstract: Poverty is Pakistan’s biggest problem which today’s Pakistan facing, it is interconnected with several elements which are having direct or indirect relationship with poverty. This paper is an effort to find out and discuss the elements related to poverty and it is a contribution from author to do something for his country and same time for the rest of world. Poverty in Pakistan does not affect people of Pakistan only but it has an effect on rest of world as well. Today Pakistani could be found everywhere in the world in search of better earning, a lot of them are illegal immigrants and some are involved in terror activities which is equally dangerous for all humanity. During research author found four†¦show more content†¦The purpose behind this effort is to clarify the understanding of problems facing by today’s Pakistan. More specifically, the objectives are to determine how poverty can manage and to analyze the poverty reduction plans and applied succ essfully for the benefits of the people of Pakistan. Investigate role of education, equal resources distribution and health improvement in sustainable economic growth in Pakistan consequently less poverty. Poverty in Pakistan: The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar terms. GDP growth, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8% range in 2004-06. Poverty is widespread in Pakistan and is particularly predominant in rural areas. Nearly two thirds of the population, and 80 per cent of the country’s poor people, live in rural parts of the country. In 2004-2005 the government of Pakistan estimated that almost 24 percent of the population of Pakistan live below the poverty line. Poverty has many dimensions in Pakistan. People have not only low incomes but they also are suffering from lack of access over basic needs. The major challenge of today is poverty reduction. Pakistan’s growth performance over the last four years is enviable in many respects. Sound macroeconomic policies and implementation of structural reforms in almost all sectors of the economy have transformed PakistanShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Its Causes in Pakistan2152 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty and its causes In Pakistan Submitted by: Muhammad Ahmad Adil Submitted to: Ms. Mehwish Submitted date: 8th February 2012 Assignment Topic: Poverty In Pakistan Management sciences Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 2012 www.awkum.edu.pk February 8, 2010 Ms. Mehwish Teacher, Economy of PakistanRead MorePoverty in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences1610 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty, a multidimensional global phenomenon, as defined by World Bank is an income level below some minimum threshold deemed necessary to achieve basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the â€Å"poverty line†. The things required to satisfy basic needs are highly time and society dependent. Therefore, poverty lines vary from country to country as each country defines and sets the poverty line limit according to its own level of development, societal norms and values. But the contents of theRead MoreCritical Situation of Poverty in Pakistan813 Words   |  3 Pagesor her income level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the poverty line†.(Guenon n.d.) Keeping in mind the situation of Pakistan in last couple of years, the initiative has been taken by the Government of Pakistan which commits for better access to critical public services for the poor. In addition to the poverty reduction strategies prepared by the Government major improvements were required in education, health and other basic necessitiesRead MoreThe Issue of Poverty As a Whole in Pakistan2030 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty and suffering is considered not out of the norm for many families in Pakistan. Many of them have had to make enormous sacrifices in order to survive in these hard times. As seen in the previous paragraph children who are to sacrifice their education to help the family during times of poverty, may never really be able to receive an education later. For most families that are in the same situation like Rafiq and his family, the basic necessities such as food and water that others take for grantedRead MoreInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Maj or Problems of Pakistan2585 Words   |  11 PagesInflation, Unemployment and Poverty: Still Major Problems of Pakistan Zoha Siddique Forman Christian College University Since Pakistan came into being, it’s going through hard times. From newly born country to getting sixty four year old country, sometimes it has given sacrifices and sometimes remained victim of inapt political system. For the long time, it is facing number of challenges and conspiracies which has weakened its foundations and so is the structure. Therefore,Read More Impact of Foreign Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Pakistan2389 Words   |  10 Pagesin the economies of many developing and low income countries. Pakistan is a labour abundant country; hence, as neoclassical theory shows, if workers are unable to find jobs and/or wages to satisfy their needs, they will look elsewhere. Pakistan’s history provides us with a new trend of emigration nearly each decade. Remittance is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan since 1970. During the past four decade Pakistan received significant amount of remittances, however, fluctua tionRead MoreThe World Health Organization ( Ngo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who live in Pakistan, focuses on meeting the goal ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages (United nations SDG, reference). Ensuring eye care for the residents of Pakistan not only provides them with care they should be subject too always, but also provides them with an increase in wellbeing and quality of life. Through numerous different methods such as, school programs, surgeries, and community health centers LRBT is addressing the issue of blindness in Pakistan and creating betterRead MoreEradication Of Poverty And Poverty1381 Words   |  6 PagesEradication of Poverty Part I: Background Poverty is widespread throughout the world, with around 20% of the entire population living on less than $1.25 per day. Everyday struggles for survival may include not having enough food for nourishment, no access to clean water, no proper shelter, lack of clothes, or no doctors and medicines. This lack of essential supplies and inability to improve one s life may be caused by a country s lack of resources. These countries either do not or cannot provideRead MorePoverty in Afghanistan1663 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of poverty in Pakistan. Following are the list of some causes of occurring rapid increase of poverty in our country. - Increase in the rate of prices. - Load shedding reduced the production which result into unemployment. - Corruption and poverty. - Increase in road beggars due to shortage of money. - Pakistan is not a welfare state. A big question. - Lack of proper education causes increase at phenomenal rates. - Inflation rate in Pakistan. - Top ten richest people in Pakistan. Pakistan: Read MoreMore Than Half of the Population of Pakistan Is Food Insecured Despite Agricultural Growth.751 Words   |  4 PagesHYPOTHESIS 1: More than half of the population of Pakistan is food insecured despite agricultural growth. The food security of a country is the availability of food in that country, and the people’s access to it.   It is often said, â€Å"Food insecurity anywhere, threatens peace everywhere†. The term food security reflects the desire to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The World Food Summit in 1996 defined food security as, â€Å"when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient

Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from Pshs-Irc by Indirect Titration free essay sample

Titration Researchers Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Jan Michael Maturan Charlene Lou A. Nicer Arian Paul D. Norcio Submitted to the Faculty of the Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Science and Technology Research 2 March 2013 ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate concentration of water samples from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of PSHS-IRC together with the commercial drinking water Nature Spring, Absolute, and Wilkins through indirect titration. Water hardness was identified by the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in ppm. The control group consisting of the branded commercialized drinking water had a concentration less than 43 ppm of CaCO3 and was considered as soft based on table of water hardness classification. The water samples collected from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen have CaCO3 concentrations greater than 43 ppm and were classified as slightly hard. The water sample from the Boys’ dormitory had the highest concentration of 87. 420 ppm and the water sample from Gymnasium had the lowest concentration of 52. 712 ppm. Based from the results, the samples from the different sources contained significant amount of CaCO3 which may cause further problems in pipe clogging, health, laundry, and utility from these sources. APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled â€Å"Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration,† prepared by Anna Marie S. Cabatbat, Crystal Jill R. Mangsat, Jan Michael Maturan, Charlene Lou A. Nicer, and Arian Paul D. Norcio, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Technology Research 2, has been examined on March __, 2013 and passed by the Oral Examination Committee composed of: ANNELLENE H. MADRID STR 2 TEACHER SHARON L. PALOMARES STR 2 TEACHER ROMULO R. MACADANGDANG, JR STR 2 TEACHER Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement in Science Technology Research 2. RONNALEE N. ORTEZA, Ph. D. CISD Chief Date: LARRY L. CABATIC, Ph. D. Campus Director Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research wouldn’t have been possible without the continual guidance and help of the following people, and so the researchers would like to express their deepest appreciation to: The Philippine Science High School Sysytem for letting the researchers experiences the grant to scholarship and the privilege to experience Pisay life; Their research teachers, Mr. Romulo R. Macadangdang, Jr, for his interest and wisdom on the subject of Chemistry which is a vital component of this study; Mrs. Sharon L. Palomares, for her justified critiques, assessments, and recommendations for improvement; and Ms. Annellene H. Madrid, for her unending support as a research adviser; Ms. Mary Ann R. Lagua, Chemistry II teacher, who introduced to the researchers the method of indirect titration and the formulas needed for the computations and quantitative analysis; Mr. Gwynne Micah S. Ritua, a student from IV-Photon, for his assistance on the required formulas and continuous support on the study and the researchers; Their family, friends, and batch mates for the support given and the motivation that they imparted to the researchers for the completion of the study; And, above all, to the Lord Jesus Christ for his generosity, love and never-ending help, especially on this research. Anna, Arian, Charlene, Crystal, Jan Michael LIST OF FIGURES No| Description| Page| 1| Process Flowchart| | 2| Summary of Water Hardness| | LIST OF TABLES No| Description| Page| | Hardness scale classification| | 2| Hardness classification of different water sources| | 3| Summary of raw data| | LIST OF PLATES No| Description| Page| 1| Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC| | 2| Preparation of Na2CO3 solution| | 3| Boiling of water samples| | 4| Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration| | 5| Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water| | 6| Application of methyl orange| | 7| Indirect titration of water samples| | 8| End point of the indirect titrations| | TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval Sheet1 Acknowledgement1 Table of Contents1 List of Figures1 List of Tables1 List of Plates1 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the study1 Statement of the Problem2 Significance of the Study2 Scope and Limitations3 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature4 Definition of Terms5 Water Hardness6 Hard Water7 Permanent Hardness8 Calcium Carbonate9 Advantages of Hard Water9 Disadvantages of Hard Water 11 Procedure13 Water Hardness Scale13 Chapter III Methodology14 Process Flow Chart14 Chapter IV- Results and Discussions16 Chapter V – Conclusions and Recommendations19 References1 Appendices1 Curriculum Vitae 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The industrial business, not just in the Philippines, but also in the whole world, requires a large amount of capital to be able for maintenance and provision. However, at some times in this business, the sum of money that is needed for repairs becomes insufficient because of some factors that affect the equipment, the machineries, and the system as a whole. One of which is water hardness. Water hardness was initially defined as the measure of the capacity of the water to precipitate soap. The determination of the hardness of water is a beneficial assessment that measures the quality of water for different usage. Hard water is not bad for the health of an individual, since drinking hard water just adds a minimal amount of calcium and magnesium toward the total human dietary needs. However, the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) says that taking extremely hard water may have a large effect on our calcium and magnesium diet. Once heat is applied to hard water, CaCO3 precipitates out, causing clogs in water pipes and industrial boilers. This leads to malfunction or damage of the machine or water pipes which maybe expensive to remove or even repair. Permanent hardness is expected from the manifestation of the Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and SO4- ions. Unlike temporary hardness, this type of hardness cannot be simply removed through boiling. Usually, this type of hardness is usually determined through titration for the metal ions to be detected. This study aims to determine the water hardness of the samples acquired from different sources in Philippine Science High School- Ilocos Region Campus, as well as three other commercialized drinking water, through indirect titration. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness of different water samples from different sources in Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus. It sought to: 1. Measure the different calcium carbonate concentration of the different samples in terms of ppm 2. Classify the water samples according to their hardness Significance of the Study The data gathered in this study would be essential to people who want to determine if the water sources in PSHS-IRC are safe for drinking, washing, bathing, and other purposes. Another aim of this study is to compare the different hardness of water from the different sources in school to the hardness of some commercial water samples and see how the water hardness affects the quality of the commercial drinking water. Lastly, this study may serve as a guide and reference for future researches. Scopes and Limitations This research is limited to the determination of the level of calcium carbonate concentrations from different sources. The consequences and influences of the samples’ water hardness beyond those are not included in the system of the study. Also, with exception to the commercial water samples used, this research is only restricted to PSHS-IRC’s water supply to the different sources and buildings. Thus, the effects of the water hardness in this study are limited only to the possible effects on the infrastructures of the said school. The study was done on the month of January and February, year 2013. The study was conducted at the science laboratory of PSHS-IRC. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Definition of Terms Water Sources the different water sources includes the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of the PSHS-IRC Water Samples these are the water samples used for the indirect titration, and was collected from the five sources in the PSHS-IRC Soft Water water is classified as soft water when the calcium carbonate concentration in it is from 0 to 43 parts per million (ppm) Indirect Titration the process used to determine the hardness of the water samples by using HCl as a titrant and the water samples as analyte Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Fifty mL of HCl was used as a titrant in the indirect titration process to determine the endpoint of the titration Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Fifty mL of Na2CO3 was added to the water samples to separate th e CaCO3 from the water samples Methyl Orange three drops of methyl orange was added to the water samples to indicate that all of the CaCO3 was already titrated by the titrant, indicated by the change of color. Water Hardness Water hardness is important to fish culture and is a commonly reported aspect of water quality. It is a measure of the quantity of divalent ions (for this discussion, salts with two positive charges) such as calcium, magnesium and/or iron in water. There are many different divalent salts; however, calcium and magnesium are the most common sources of water hardness. Hardness is traditionally measured by chemical titration. The hardness of a water sample is reported in milligrams per liter (same as parts per million, ppm) as calcium carbonate (mg/l CaCO3). Calcium carbonate hardness is a general term that indicates the total quantity of divalent salts present and does not specifically identify whether calcium, magnesium and/or some other divalent salt is causing water hardness. Hardness can be a mixture of divalent salts. In theory, it is possible to have water with high hardness that contains no calcium. Calcium is the most important divalent salt in fish culture water. An acceptable range for free calcium in culture waters is 25-100 mg/l (63-250 mg/l CaCO3 hardness). Channel catfish can tolerate low calcium concentrations as long as their feed contains a minimum level of mineral calcium. However, they may grow more slowly under these conditions. If striped bass, trout, salmon or red drum culture is being considered, free calcium concentrations in the 40-100 mg/l range (100-250  Ã‚   mg/l  Ã‚   as  Ã‚   CaCO3  Ã‚   hardness)  are  more desirable. Tests specific for calcium should be performed on samples of the water source being considered for these fishes. (http://www. ca. uky. edu February 16, 2013) Hard Water Water described as â€Å"hard† is high in dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water is not a health risk, but a nuisance because of mineral buildup on fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance. Water is a good solvent and picks up impurities easily. Pure water — tasteless, colorless, and odorless — is often called the universal solvent. When water is combined with carbon dioxide to form very weak carbonic acid, an even better solvent results. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water â€Å"hard. The degree of hardness becomes greater as the calcium and magnesium content increases. (http://www. hardwater. org/ February 16, 2013) Hard water can be softened (have its minerals removed) by treating it with lime or by passing it over an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resins are complex sodium salts. Water flows over the resin surface, dissolving the sodium. The calcium, magne sium, and other cations precipitate onto the resin surface. Sodium goes into the water, but the other cations stay with the resin. Very hard water will end up tasting saltier than water that had fewer dissolved minerals. http://chemistry. about. com February 18, 2013) Permanent Hardness The hardness caused by calcium and magnesium salts other than hydrogen carbonates is not affected by heating and is therefore called permanent hardness. (http://www. rsc. org February 18, 2013) Permanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling. The lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage. This can happen in industry where hot water is used. http://glossary. periodni. com February 18, 2013) Calcium Carbonate Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important chemical compound made up of one atom of calcium bonded to one atom of carb on and three atoms of oxygen. Common names for this compound include limestone, calcite, aragonite, chalk, and marble, and while all contain the same substance, each has different processes underlying its formation. Calcium carbonate is used in cements and mortars, producing lime, in the steel industry, glass industry, and as an ornamental stone. This compound usually looks like a white powder or stone. It will fizz and release carbon dioxide upon contact with a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid. After the carbon dioxide is released, the remainder is calcium oxide (CaO), commonly called quicklime. When calcium carbonate comes into contact with water saturated with carbon dioxide, it forms a soluble compound, calcium bicarbonate. Underground, this often leads to the formation of caves. The reaction is as follows: CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Calcium carbonate becomes marble when highly compressed and heated deep underneath the Earth’s surface. In caves, when dissolved by the above chemical mechanism, it creates magnificent speleothems: cave formations such as stalagmites, stalagmites, curtains, and dozens of others. (http://www. wisegeek. com February 18, 2013) Advantages of Hard Water The advantages of hard water are: most people agree that it tastes better; it is thought to reduce the number of heart illnesses; it provides useful calcium ions for the healthy growth of bones and teeth; the formation of lime scale in pipes causes the inside of the pipe to be covered with insoluble carbonates. This layer of carbonate prevents the water in the pipe from coming into contact with the metal of the pipe and so prevents pipe corrosion and prevents poisonous metal salts becoming dissolved in the water. (http://www. gcsescience. com February 18, 2013) The World Health Organization (WHO) says, there is no evidence that water hardness cause effects in humans. Some studies have shown a weak inverse relationship between water hardness and cardiovascular disease in men, up to a level of 170 mg calcium carbonate per liter of water. Other studies have shown weak correlations between cardiovascular health and water hardness. The World Health Organization has reviewed the evidence and concluded the data were inadequate to allow for a recommendation for a level of hardness. Hard water is not a health hazard. In fact, the National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences) states that hard drinking water generally contributes a small amount toward total calcium and magnesium human dietary needs. They further state that in some instances, where dissolved calcium and magnesium are very high, water could be a major contributor of calcium and magnesium to the diet. (http://ezinearticles. om February 18, 2013) Disadvantages of Hard Water The disadvantages  of hard water are: lime scale furring of kettles and pipes; fur is the insoluble carbonate formed during heating water with temporary hardness; deposits of lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage; soap is wasted because more soap is required for washing. Soap in hard water forms a scum from r eacting with the calcium or magnesium compounds in the water. Other detergents which do not contain soap do not form wasteful scum during washing. (http://www. csescience. com February 18, 2013) Procedure Fifty ml of the water sample is taken in a conical flask. To this solution 50 ml of N/50 sodium carbonate solution is added and the solution is boiled to about 15 mins. Then the solution is cooled and filtered. The precipitate on the filter paper is washed with distilled water and all the washings are collected in the conical flask. Then the solution is titrated against N/50 HCl using methyl orange as indicator. The end point is change of yellow to pale pink. (http://www. indiastudychannel. com February24, 2013) Water Hardness Scale Calcium carbonate (ppm)| Classification| 0-43| Soft| 43-150| Slightly Hard| 150-300| Moderately Hard| 300-450| Hard| 450| Very Hard| The hardness of water is referred to by three types of measurements: grains per gallon, milligrams per liter (mg/L), or parts per million (ppm). The table below is provided as a reference. (http://www. fairfaxwater. org February 24, 2013) Table 1. Hardness scale classification CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Process Flowchart Indirect Titration of Samples Collection of Water Samples from different sites Isolation of CaCO3 Data Gathering Data Analysis Indirect Titration of Samples Collection of Water Samples from different sites Isolation of CaCO3 Data Gathering Data Analysis Figure 1. Summary of procedure Collection of water samples Water samples of 50 ml each were collection at the Girls’ dormitory, Boys’ dormitory, Gymnasium, canteen, and Administration building of PSHS-IRC. The samples were placed in glass bottles and were labeled. For the control group which consists of commercialized drinking water, a 350 ml bottle each of Wilkins, Absolute, and Nature Spring were bought from retail stores of San Ildefonso Isolation of CaCO3 Each water sample was added with 50 ml of 0. 02 Normality of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and the solution was stirred and boiled for about 15 minutes to isolate CaCO3 precipitates. Afterwards, the solution was cooled and filtered. CaCO3 precipitates on the filter paper were rinsed with 50 ml distilled water. The washings of the precipitates were collected and placed in a conical flask. Indirect Titration of the Prepared Solution The prepared solution was titrated against 0. 02 Normality of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) for three trials. The indicator used was methyl orange. The end point was observed when a color change from yellow to pale pink color occurred. This indicates that all of the moles of CaCO3 has been titrated by the titrant HCl. Data Gathering The volume of titrant used in the three trials are noted and tabulated. Data Analysis The concentration of CaCO3 is computed using the following formula: Molars of HCl*Volume of HCl used = moles of HCl Moles of HCl * 1 mole of CaCO32 moles of HCl *100. 1g of HCl= grams of CaCO3/ 50 ml grams of CaCO3/ 50 ml * 20 = grams of CaCO3/ L grams of CaCO3/ L* 103 = CaCO3 concentration in ppm The CaCO3 concentrations were referred to the Permanent Hardness Scale to determine the classification of each sample. CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The used volumes of titrant in different trials were averaged and the CaCO3 concentrations were computed using the formula mentioned in the data analysis. The different water samples were then compared in the following figure: CaCO3 concentration of water samples in ppm CaCO3 concentration of water samples in ppm Sources of water samples in PSHS-IRC Sources of water samples in PSHS-IRC Figure 2: Summary of Water Hardness Figure 2: Summary of Water Hardness This figure showed the comparison on the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration of water samples in ppm. The Boys’ dormitory has the highest calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration among the water samples collected. Water in the Boys’ dormitory is not advisable for drinking; also pipes supplying water inside the Boys’ dormitory have calcium deposits formed inside them. Same with the Canteen who has the second most concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Water samples from the Administration Building, Gymnasium and Girls’ dormitory have lower concentration relative to the Boys’ dormitory and Canteen. The control group had the lowest calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration that is why they are safe to drink compared to the water samples inside Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus. Hardness Classification Table 2. Hardness classification of the different water sources | Average volume of HCl used| CaCO3 Concentration (ppm)| Water hardness Classification| Boys’ dormitory| 4. 366| 87. 42| Slightly hard| Administration Bldg| 2. 667| 53. 393| Slightly hard| Gymnasium| 2. 633| 52. 712| Slightly hard| Girls’ dormitory| 3. 067| 61. 01| Slightly hard| Canteen| 3. 800| 76. 076| Slightly hard| Absolute| 2. 133| 42. 709| Soft| Wilkins| 1. 633| 32. 699| Soft| Nature Spring| 1. 500| 30. 030| Soft| The water samples from Philippine Science High School reached classification slightly hard. The control group obtained soft as classification. The Calcium Carbonate concentrations of samples from Boys’ dormitory and Canteen were ranked the highest among the samples but still are classified as slightly hard along with samples from Girls’ dormitory, Gymnasium, and Administration Building. Their classification shows that they are not suited for any consumption purposes unlike with the control group that reached the range of the classification soft. The concentration of Calcium Carbonate concentration in the water samples from Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus were too high. With these results, it is right to justify that water sources of the campus are not advisable for drinking or any form of usage related to food. Also, the samples already known to be available for drinking purposes showed that there is a large significant difference from the other samples and their water hardness. Due to the classification of the samples from the said school, it is to be concluded that there might be some disadvantages for those who uses the said samples for a lot of purposes. Drinking water is safe to drink because of low Calcium Carbonate concentrations and water from other sources can be assumed to be contaminated or just have high concentrations of Calcium Carbonate. CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The water sample collected from the Boys’ Dormitory yielded the highest concentration of calcium carbonate in terms of ppm with 87. 42, followed by the Canteen water sample with 76. 076, the Girls’ Dorm sample with 61. 01, the Administration Building water sample with 53. 393, and the COOP water sample gave the lowest concentration with 52. 712. But all samples are in the same hardness classification, which is slightly hard. The results of the three brands of commercial water showed significant difference from the samples from the school, with Absolute, W ilkins, and Nature Spring yielding 42. 709, 32. 699, and 30. 030, respectively. All of the three samples of commercialized water are classified as soft. With these results, it is right to justify that drinking water is safe because of its low calcium carbonate concentrations. Hence, the water sources of the campus are not advisable for drinking or in any form of intake because the calcium carbonate concentrations of the samples are high compared to those of the commercialized water. Recommendations The researchers recommend that this study should be extended to the different zones of Ilocos Sur and that other local commercialized water samples should also be tested. Also, the researchers propose that a different method of measuring water hardness should be used, just like complexometric titration, and that the temporary and total hardness should also be determined. References Electronic Sources: Learning, Discovery, Service | in the College of Agriculture. WATER HARDNESS CALCIUM amp;   MAGNESIUM. Retrieved February 16, 2013, from http://www. ca. uky. edu/wkrec/Hardness. htm Paul, M. (2012). Retrieved February 16, 2013, from http://www. hardwater. org Helmenstine, A. (2012). About. com chemistry. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://chemistry. about. com/cs/howthingswork/a/aa082403a. htm Permanent Hardness Retrieved February 18, 2013, http://www. rsc. org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/calgon/3 Permanent Hardness Retrieved February 18, 2013, http://glossary. eriodni. com/glossary. php? en=permanent+hardness+in+water What is Calcium. (2003). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-calcium-carbonate. htm France, C. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of hard water. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. gcsescience. com/f6. htm Henry, P. (2008). ezinearticles. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Surprising-Health-Benefits-of-Hard-Wateramp;id=1120938 France, C. (2011). Advantages and disadvantages of hard water. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. csescience. com/f6. htm Hard water. (2011). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. hardwater. org/hard_water_problems. html Xavier, L. (2010, June 03). Uc davis chemwiki. Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://chemwiki. ucdavis. edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantitative_Analysis/Titration Water Analysis Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www. indiastudychannel. com/projects/396-WATER-ANALYSIS. aspx Fairfax water: Water quality bulletin. (2011, January 05). Retrieved February 24, 2013, from http://www. fcwa. org/water/hardness. htm Appendices Plate 1. Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC Plate 1. Collection of water Samples from different sources in PSHS-IRC Plate 2. Preparation of Na2CO3 solution Plate 2. Preparation of Na2CO3 solution Plate 3. Boiling of water samples Plate 3. Boiling of water samples Plate 4. Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration Plate 4. Isolation of CaCO3 through filtration Plate 5. Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water Plate 5. Rinsing of filter paper in distilled water Plate 6. Application of methyl orange Plate 6. Application of methyl orange Plate 7. Indirect titration of water samples Plate 7. Indirect titration of water samples Plate 8. End point of the indirect titration Plate 8. End point of the indirect titration Table 3. Summary of raw data | Trial 1 (ml)| Trial 2 (ml)| Trial 3 (ml)| Average| ppm| Classification | Boys’ dormitory| 4. 9| 4. 3| 3. 9| 4. 366| 87. 42| Slightly hard| Administration building| 2. 5| 2. 5| 3. 0| 2. 667| 53. 393| Slightly hard| Gymnasium| 2. 5| 2. 3| 3. 1| 2. 633| 52. 712| Slightly hard| Girls’ dormitory| 2. 7| 3. 3| 3. 2| 3. 067| 61. 401| Slightly hard| Canteen| 3. | 4. 5| 3. 7| 3. 800| 76. 076| Slightly hard| Absolute| 2. 2| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 133| 42. 709| Soft| Wilkins| 1. 5| 1. 6| 1. 8| 1. 633| 32. 699| Soft| Nature Spring| 1. 8| 1. 3| 1. 4| 1. 500| 30. 030| Soft| Curriculum Vitae Name: Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Nickname: Anna Birthday: September 01, 1997 Address: Primary Schooling: Name of Parents: Achievements in High School: Principle in Life: Ambition: Message to the Future Researche rs: Name: Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Nickname: CJ Birthday: August 22, 1996 Address: #628 Galaban Street, Manaoag, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Mother Goose Special School Sysytem, Incorporated Name of Parents: Hilberto E. Mangsat Nena R. Mangsat Achievements in High School: Principle in Life: â€Å"The best way to live your life is to live it as a kid. † Ambition: To become happy as an engineer and to help my family Message to the Future Researchers: Galingan niyo! Name: Jan Michael Maturan Nickname: JM Birthday: January 20,1997 Address: 111 San Blas. Villasis. Pangasinan Primary Schooling:Villasis I Central School Name of Parents: Raquel Maturan Rolan Ridoloso Achievements in High School: Passed UPCAT and ACET Principle in Life: â€Å"If you need nothing you may not work for anything† Ambition: Become an Astronaut Message to the Future Researchers: Even you encounter troubles in your research, even though you think the time is not enough, Please do not give up on what you do unless you want to fail. Anything can be accomplished by first believing it was possible but still be flexible because you cannot always get what you want. Name: Charlene Lou A. Nicer Nickname: Char Birthday: June 04, 1996 Address: 2415 Sunrise Subdivision Arellano Bani, Dagupan City, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Dominican School Dagupan City Name of Parents: Lourdes A. Nicer Raul P. Nicer Achievements in High School: Director’s lister First year (2nd and 3th quarter); Best in Arts S. Y. 2010-2011; Passed UPCAT, ACET, DLSUCAT, USTET Principle in Life: â€Å"a life without risks is not a life at all† Ambition: To win a Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, and Peace; to become a well-known scientist specifically a medical physicist Message to the Future Researchers: The true essence of research can never be found in one’s grades. Research covers an area of infinity, where in everything can be examined and studied. Enjoy your research as much as I did! Name: Arian Paul D. Norcio Nickname: Arian Birthday: July 26, 1996 Address: Nalsian, Manaoag, Pangasinan Primary Schooling: Nalsian Elementary School Name of Parents: Florida Norcio Samuel Norcio Achievements in High School: Director’s lister First year (3rd and 4th quarter); Best in English S. Y. 2009-2010; Passed UPCAT Principle in Life: â€Å"No pain, no gain; no pay, no play† Ambition: To be successful geologist . . . Message to the Future Researchers: It is not easy to do a research when you don’t like it. So, learn to enjoy

The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) Essay Example For Students

The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) Essay The Life of Charles DickensINTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFECharles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was freehe lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However,most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4MIDDLE LIFEDickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820s. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speachrealistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens first book, Sketches b y Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherines sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens a nd Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFEHis later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause heloved drama. Dickens also produced and acted in small theaters to give public readings of hiswork.10 Besides doing all this after his retirement he got involved in various charities . These charities included schools for poor children and a loan society to enable the poor to prove to Australia. 11 Then about 1865 his health started to decline and he died of a stroke on June 9, 1870. 12Dickens Work The Great Expectations This story talks about a guy who is in love with a girl. It is the theme of a youths discovery of the realities of life. An unknown person provides the young hero, Pip, with money so that he can live as a gentleman. Pips pride is shattered when he learns that he loses Estella forever, the source ofhis great expectation. Only by painfully revising his values does Pip reestablish his life on a foundation of sympathy, rather than on vanity, possesions, and social position. .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .postImageUrl , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:visited , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:active { border:0!important; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:active , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem witch trials Essay We will write a custom essay on The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Conclusion His work of Great Expectation is very related with his life. It deals with the same problems he faced when he lost Catherine and how his life was before he became rich and famous. He also created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keenobserver of life and had a great understanding of humanity, especially of young people. The warmth and humor of his personality appeared in all of his works. Perhaps in no other large body of fiction does the reader receive so strong and agreeable impression of the person behind thestory. Endnotes1. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of The Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg.192. Ibid, pg. 21-22 3. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 204. Ibid, pg. 275. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1936. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 507. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1938. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 539. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 16710. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg.195BIBLIOGRAPHYChesterton, G.K., The Last of the Great Men American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph Rev. ed. Viking, 1977. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990

Cocaine essays

Cocaine essays The topic for my research is the production and distribution of cocaine in South America. South America and especially in the areas of Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia are dominated by cartels that rule the drug trade, and are responsible for over 80% of the production and distribution of cocaine in the world. I choose this topic because I felt it was appropriate to talk about because cocaine dominates the South American economy and The international illicit drug business generates as much as $400 billion in trade annually in according to the United Nations International Drug Control Program. That amounts to 8% of all international trade,(according to United Nations Office for Drug Abuse and Social Consequences of Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking). The question that I am going to focus on is, Is it possible to stop the production of cocaine and the trafficking of this illicit drug out of South America and into United States? For someone who is not familiar with what cocaine is, it is simple the most potent natural stimulant which stems from the Andes Mountain area. There are three stages for the production of cocaine. The first stage for production is extracting coca paste from the plant; these areas for extracting the paste normally are located close to where the coca plant is grown. The second stage is Refining that coca paste into cocaine hydrochloride a lethal concentrate that is diluted with substances such as sugar, or flour before being sold on the street,(Geography Realms, Regions, and concepts,) according to our text book. The final stage is simply trying to get a way for the cocaine to enter areas for distribution and trafficking it onto the streets, wherever that may be. Usually this is a multi step process of delivering the cocaine in large quantities to areas closer to its destination and then broken down into smaller amounts to make easier for it entering the areas for distrib...

Spiritual Needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spiritual Needs - Assignment Example The results show that those who had frequent involvements in spiritual matters were significantly more likely to have longer, healthier lives. (McCullough, Hoyt, Larson, Koenig & Thoresen, 2000 ) Thesis - Of course any patient needs treatment for his illness, but this should be given as part of a holistic approach which includes an attempt to both assess and to meet his spiritual needs, whatever his particular faith stance and practice. In order to do this effectively it is necessary to be aware of particular spiritual needs. For this reason each patient should be assessed spiritually. A number of question s should be asked in order to arrive at the truth regarding an individual’s spiritual state. The answers then provide clues or pointers to what is required – does the person want to see a minister, to receive the Eucharist, or perhaps need space to put down a prayer mat if they are a Muslim.... Rather they provide an inclusive framework. They may not necessarily be addressed directly to the patient , but may be based upon observation, if for instance the patient has difficulty speaking or when there is a language barrier. They may for instance be wearing a cross or a Sikh steel bangle The questions do not include words specific to particular religious groups e.g .church, temple, synagogue, sacraments. It isn’t that these may not be used, but rather that it is necessary to establish first of all if the patient does belong to a particular faith ]tradition e.g. If they ‘I go to the Episcopalian church in my town.’ the care provider might go on to ask if anyone from the church know you are in hospital? Would you like us to let them know? If they say ‘I am a Muslim’ they can then be informed of any specifically Muslim provision such as a prayer room or told that they can use the day rom at particular times . b) My assessment of Michael R. Michael is a 45 year old gentleman whom I have come to know well over several weeks. He originally came into hospital with what he thought was simple chest infection, but was told within a few hours that he required a lung transplant, something he found to be devastating. Since that time his kidney function has deteriorated and he had a near fatal episode a few days ago. Date of interview most recent interview 27th July 2012 . Significant discoveries. Michael has a young child and, because he feels his illness is self-induced he feels a great deal of guilt about his more youthful follies such as street drug use which now prevent him from being with his child . He doesn’t want his daughter to see him in his present state. c) What went well? At first Michael pretended he didn’t want

139 DB wk4 ED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

139 DB wk4 ED - Essay Example The camaraderie, team work and interdependence amongst employees ensure that the performances reflect varied cultures and are nothing short of spectacular (Berson). Cirque du Soleil’s mission is to ‘provoke the senses and to evoke the emotions of people around the world’ (Cirque du Soleil). The employees put in their best and strive to develop new acts and performances to entertain customers from different regions. This unrelenting commitment to innovation has been instrumental in Cirque du Soleil’s success. It is important for Cirque du Soleil to be a good corporate citizen to attain international goodwill and build a loyal set of customers. Ethnocentrism plays a pivotal role in enabling the company discharge its corporate social responsibility. The management of Cirque du Soleil believes that the world can be made a better place. The company strives to build win-win situation with all stakeholders including employees, customers and neighbors. It draws inspiration from its own artistic and cultural diversity (Cirque du Soleil). Cirque du Soleil respects the law of the land and treats each culture with respect and

Knots in My Yo-yo String Essay Example for Free

Knots in My Yo-yo String Essay Knots in my Yo-yo string is an autobiography written by Jerry Spinelli. Jerry Spinelli describes his childhood in first person which allows the reader to feel like he or she is there. To describe the book, the author has written this book to be about his childhood. The community in which the author lived in had impacted his life from being an ordinary Pennsylvania boy to a Newbery Medalist Author. Even the people in his life have helped him reach his career as a writer. I think that the community that the author lived in had some changes on his life. Some of the people that helped affect some changes in the authors life was the authors friends. The authors friends helped him a lot by hoping for him to win the election for president in his school. I also think that his parents had a lot to do with affecting some of the things in the authors life. For example, the author probably would not have his bike that he got for Christmas if his parents did not sacrifice going to the movies or going bowling, so that they could make sure their kids had most of the things they wanted. This is how the authors community had an affect on the authors life. The fact that he was naturally talented gave him an advantage when becoming a writer. Some other reasons why he is such a good writer was because he was not the average kid, he was the kind of kid that paid attention in class, when all the other kids were fooling around. He was very dedicated to his school work. Further more he had a great imagination, and an even better writing ability to have the reader in suspense. Some similarities when writing a book and playing sports is that you always have to be focused.

Treatment of Ethnic Minorities by Nazi Germany Essay -- Papers

Treatment of Ethnic Minorities by Nazi Germany Hitler hated three kinds of people- Jews, communists and democracy and in his view they were all connected. Hitler believed that the Aryan people were the master race, and most of theses people were Germans. He believed that Jews were an "inferior species". He believed that what the Jews believed in was spreading and crushing Germany. Anything Jewish was wrong. He spoke of a myth that the Jewish bankers planned to break down the financial system and that this was a reason that war broke out in 1914. Hitler hated Bolshevism (communism) because he saw it as a Jewish belief. The Jewish founder, Karl Marx, set out to break the world politically, just as the Jews were breaking it racially. Hitler believed that the reason why communism had taken over in Russia was because most of Russians were Slavs, who just like the Jews were a sub-human species. Hitler called the Slavs rabbit people, only here to reproduce, but unable to organize themselves. That's why Hitler admired Stalin for turning such a degraded form of people into a nation. IN Hitler's book Mein Kampf, he said that it was Germany's job to be the saviour of the Aryan race by killing all the Jews and seizing the Slavs land of the East. This was the goal of the National Socialists. Hitler believed that democracy was a product of the Jews. That's why he believed it was such a weak political system. He didn't believe in compromise and so he thought it lacked purpose. If democracy were to be allowed in Germany it would wreck the whole country and prevent it from it's destiny. When Hitler came to power he got rid of the whole de... ...en's book and is primary evidence. The source was produced in 1938. The Nazi's must have produced this anti Jewish picture for the children to use as part of their propaganda. The source was produced in Germany. The source was produced as a use of propaganda. They fed children's minds to believe that Jews were bad so that they would go home and tell their parents. This source is biased as it shows what the Nazi's wanted life to be like. They wanted the Jews to leave. It shows the Jews in a bad way, it shows them mocking the other children. They are shown sticking their tongues out at the Germans and pulling out their hair. The German girl is pure German with feminine features and the Jewish boy is trying to wreck that by ripping out her hair and making her look bad. This is how Hitler saw things not how the people did.

Nigerian Economy, Gdp and Production.

NIGERIAN ECONOMY/GDP AND PRODUCTION Nigeria recorded a Current Account surplus of 11. 60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2011. Current Account to GDP in Nigeria is reported by the African Economic Outlook. Historically, from 1980 until 2011, Nigeria Current Account to GDP averaged 1. 2 Percent reaching an all time high of 37. 9 Percent in December of 2008 and a record low of -18. 7 Percent in December of 1986. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country.Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. Nigeria recorded a Current Account surplus of 5035. 99 USD Million in the third quarte r of 2012. Current Account in Nigeria is reported by the Central Bank of Nigeria.Historically, from 2005 until 2012, Nigeria Current Account averaged 2373. 87 USD Million reaching an all time high of 9455. 37 USD Million in December of 2009 and a record low of -4410 USD Million in September of 2010. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. In 2011 and 2012, Nigeria’s industrial production increased by 0. 10% as reported by the Central Bank of Nigeria.Historically, from 2007 until 2012, Nigeria Industrial Production averaged 3. 15 Percent reaching an all time high of 14. 90 Percent in December of 2011 and a record low of 0. 10 Percent in June of 2007. In Nigeria, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and u tilities. This page includes a chart with historical data for Nigeria Industrial Production. The data given on this page shows a year over year change in a seasonally adjusted Industrial Production Index.Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. Industrial Production figures are also used by central banks to measure inflation, as high levels of industrial production can lead to uncontrolled levels of consumption and rapid inflation. Nigerian Economy, Gdp and Production. NIGERIAN ECONOMY/GDP AND PRODUCTION Nigeria recorded a Current Account surplus of 11. 60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2011. Current Account to GDP in Nigeria is reported by the African Economic Outlook. Historically, from 1980 until 2011, Nigeria Current Account to GDP averaged 1. 2 Percent reaching an all time high of 37. 9 Percent in December of 2008 and a record low of -18. 7 Percent in December of 1986. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country.Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. Nigeria recorded a Current Account surplus of 5035. 99 USD Million in the third quarte r of 2012. Current Account in Nigeria is reported by the Central Bank of Nigeria.Historically, from 2005 until 2012, Nigeria Current Account averaged 2373. 87 USD Million reaching an all time high of 9455. 37 USD Million in December of 2009 and a record low of -4410 USD Million in September of 2010. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. In 2011 and 2012, Nigeria’s industrial production increased by 0. 10% as reported by the Central Bank of Nigeria.Historically, from 2007 until 2012, Nigeria Industrial Production averaged 3. 15 Percent reaching an all time high of 14. 90 Percent in December of 2011 and a record low of 0. 10 Percent in June of 2007. In Nigeria, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and u tilities. This page includes a chart with historical data for Nigeria Industrial Production. The data given on this page shows a year over year change in a seasonally adjusted Industrial Production Index.Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. Industrial Production figures are also used by central banks to measure inflation, as high levels of industrial production can lead to uncontrolled levels of consumption and rapid inflation.

Economic and Social Issues Were the Main Cause of Tudor...

Economic and social issues were the main cause of Tudor Rebellion in Tudor England. Tudor England encountered problems with their economy and society. The society suffered from economic issues such as enclosure and bad harvest but also, they encountered problems with the nobility and the government. These issues concerned the majority of the people that started off rebellions. However, there were evidently rebellions that did not emphasise the problems of economic and social issues and saw these problems as one of the reasons for the rebellion. This clearly shows that economic and social issues were not the main cause of rebellions. Therefore, it will be argued that economic and social issues were a contributory cause and that faction is†¦show more content†¦The rebels rioted over illegal enclosures against the nobility. For instance, Yorkshire and Cumberland pulled down hedges to attack the lands of the Earl of Cumberland who enclosed his tenants’ lands and denied them grazing rights. As for Western, the increase of tax hit the peasants and the nobi lity benefitted because of the dissolution of monasteries. During this time, they also encountered problems, which were the main cause for the rebellion, the issue of religion. The Tudors did not experience problems with economy and social resentment during their early years because Henry VII and Henry VIII kept the nobility in control by limiting their powers and their lands. Meanwhile, Mary was not able to encounter this problem because she focused on the problems with religion. Elizabeth saw no threat with problems with enclosure because Oxfordshire was not able to attract support. The problems with enclosure were not seen as a big problem as it was under Edward because of Edward was a minority and was not able to control the problems presented to him. 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